Earthquakes
About 80% of the world's earthquakes occur where?
Ring of Fire (circum-pacific belt)
What is the study of the earth?
geology
What happens when lava in water solidifies almost immediately and forms structures?
Pillow Lava
What type of fold forms an arch-shaped structure?
anti-cline
The central portion of the earth is called what?
core
Bonus: what is the earthquake zone stretching from Europe to Indonesia?
An instrument used to record the vibrations caused by an earthquake is called what?
Seismograph
The middle of the earth's 3 layers is what?
SOlid ejecta larger than 2mm but less than 64 mm is called...
Lapilli
What type of fault occurs when rocks on one side of the fault are shoved over the rocks on the other side?
Thrust fault
What type of mountains are formed molten rock pushes up overlying rock layers without breaking the surface?
domed
The scale that is most reliable for measuring earthquake strength is called what?
the earth's outer layer made of solid rock is called what?
Crust
(bonus question: what is the most abundant element in the earth's crust?)
Hardened lava with a surface that is either smooth or ropy is called what?
pahoehoe
The type of mountain that forms when molten rock erupts from a hole in the crust is called...
Volcanic mountain
What type of fold occurs folding upward
syncline
85 % of all earthquakes are what "focus" of earthquakes
shallow-focus
What is the boundary line between the crust and the mantle called?
Moho
What are large, irregularly shaped lumps made of lava that hardened before being thrown out of a volcano?
Volcanic block
The type of mountain that appears to have formed by the edges of two adjacent tectonic plates pushing together is...
Folded
Bonus: The theory rapid movement of tectonic plates during the flood is responsible for most of Earth's features is called...
What is a bowl-shaped hollow formed by the collapse of an underground magma chamber?
caldera
What type of earthquake is caused by sudden movement of rock beneath the earth's surface?
Tectonic earthquake
What is the bottom of the mantle?
Core-mantle boundary (Gutenberg Discontinuity)
bonus: what is the boundary between the upper and lower mantle?
lava that hardens into rough, jagged rocks with a crumbly texture is called what?
aa
Bonus: what are volcanic bombs
What are the three types of earthquake waves?
P, S, surface
What is an underground channel that formed when surface lava hardened before the lava underneath it?
lava tunnel