Central Dogma
When DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) creates a copy of itself.
What is replication?
This nucleic acid carries instructions generated from DNA to make proteins.
What is mRNA?
Who possesses the following characteristics : blue eyes, on the road to certain blindness, born on September 22nd, 2000?
Who is Corey Haas?
The field of study that concerns the ethical and philosophical implications of biological or medical research and procedures.
What is bioethics?
This is the number of phases that are required of experimental treatments prior to official approval for public, widespread use in humans.
What is Four?
When DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is rewritten into RNA (ribonucleic acid).
What is transcription?
In the hierarchy of living organisms, atoms are at the bottom, which make up these; groups of similar ones create tissues.
What are cells?
Corey’s ___ was as flat as an Iowa cornfield. This item shows the retinas’ responses to flashes of light. In healthy eyes, the output is a curve that dips and then sharply rises.
What is an electroretinogram (ERG) ?
Permission granted, usually to a doctor or researcher, to carry out a procedure or research study with full knowledge of possible benefits and consequences.
What is informed consent?
This is a fairly recent medical advancement that allows doctors to treat some genetics diseases by changing a patient's DNA.
What is gene therapy?
What is translation?
These errors in the DNA can lead to problems with protein production in cells, which is the basis of many genetic diseases.
What is a gene mutation?
Dr. Fulton tentatively diagnosed Corey with this condition, an inherited condition affecting the production of melanin. This diagnosis was eventually ruled out based on further testing.
What is Albinism?
This is the compound synthesized by livers with OTC syndrome. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas and is industrially produced to be used as a fertilizer. It contains a single nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms with a trigonal pyramidal geometry.
What is "ammonia"?
This category of interesting genetic technologies started around the 1970’s and involves swapping of genetic material between two or more species.
What is genetic engineering?
These groups of three nucleic acids form the basis for the genetic code and specify which amino acids are needed and in which order.
What are codons?
This is a large network of cells that defend the body against infection.
What is the immune system?
These items, possessed by Corey, did not do their full job, which is to capture light to send light signals to Corey's brain.
What are Photoreceptors?
Used by geneticists to deliver DNA into cells, these devices are the shells of nonliving things that cause many illnesses.
What is a "viral vector"?
These are the bedrock of medical research investigations involving human subjects; there are progressive phases which allow for experimental treatments to be investigated for safety and efficacy.
What are Clinical Trials?
Information stored in DNA gets converted to instructions for making proteins through the processes of transcription and translation. This collective process, referred to as the Central Dogma of molecular biology, results in this - the phenotypic appearance of characteristics in an individual.
What is gene expression?
This type of trait is controlled by two or more genes, for which it is more difficult to apply successful gene therapies.
What is polygenic?
A pigment that provides vision. Molecules are built of a protein part called opsin and retinal.
What is Rhodopsin?
In 1982, a Dentist named Barney Clark was given an artificial heart known as the Jarvik 7, due to his battle with this condition; he lived 112 days after the procedure before multi-organ system failure claimed his life.
What is Congestive Heart Failure?
In this type of non-germline body cell, gene therapy can be used to transfer a section of DNA which will only affect the patient’s non-reproductive bodily tissue.
What is a somatic cell?