15'th century England
These battles were fought between English Nobility in this time
What is The Wars of the Roses?
despite losses from war and plague, these people continued to be better endowed economically than morally. The popes of Avignon were less distant and—save perhaps to their French relatives, merchants, and artists—less admirable than the reformer popes of the past
What is The Organized Church?
Oxford and Cambridge were two colleges formed in this century but two others were also founded by Henry IV
What are Kings College, Cambridge and Eton College
The Source of Knowledge on The Reigns of Richard II and Henry IV and Henry V
Who is Thomas Walsingham
The policy of this King gave an impetus to commercial life which was actively felt in the towns, and developed the mercantile class and commercial enterprise.
Who was Edward III
When John II formed the Order of the Star (1351), an institution imitated by the great lords for their clientages, chivalry stood incorporated as the most distinguished of religious confraternities. The dream of the Crusade remained strong, notably among princes of this
What is the Fleur De Lis?
Until the 14th century this city had ruled only the lagoon, the eastern and Adriatic possessions that had served to maintain its commerce, and, on the Italian mainland, a thin strip of land bordering the lagoon.
What is Venice?
Cosimo gained adherents by giving gifts and loans to all orders in society as well as to churches, confraternities, and religious orders and also by granting patronage to writers and artists. He granted commissions to this sculptor
Who is Donatello?
On the death of Filippo Maria Visconti without male heirs (August 1447), some prominent citizens proclaimed Milan a republic. But they proved incapable of maintaining order in the state, which in 1450 surrendered to Filippo Maria’s son-in-law, this man
Who is Francesco Sforza?
From the 1380s to the 1450s Italy was torn by a long series of large-scale wars. The principal aggressor in these conflicts was this family
Who are The Visconti Family?
In 1480 the regency government came under the control of Galeazzo’s brother, Ludovico Sforza (“il Moro”), who ruled as duke from 1494 to 1499. Ludovico maintained the customary splendour of the Milanese court and employed, among many other artists and engineers, this man
Who is Leonardo da Vinci?
France fell into disorder because of the contention of several great nobles, but the Duke of this, a region that had been relatively untouched by the Hundred Years' War eventually emerged as the wealthiest and most powerful of them all,
What is Burgundy
In 1387 this man seized Verona and Vicenza from their signori; in 1388 he took Padua and other territories in the Veneto.
Who is Gian Galeazzo?
Venice in the 15th century remained, despite all, an immensely strong power, able to preserve its republican constitution unimpaired. In both these matters, it contrasted with Florence under this family
Who are The Medici?