Authors
Goodman
These models emphasize the role of the reader to confirm their predictions about a text.
Top-down models
Author of the interactive-compensatory model.
Stanovich
These models recognize the importance of the printed text and higher-level processing stages.
Interactive models
Anderson and Pearson
These models propose that reading comprehending is deriving meaning from the decoded printed words.
Authors that emphasize the semantic structure of the text.
Kintsch and van Dijk
These models were very influential in second language teaching because of the characteristics of the adult learner.
Top-down models (Psycholinguistic model)
This author linked reading with listening comprehension, as readers say the words to themselves to aid comprehension.
Carver
These models were more predominant in the 1960s and 1970s, as reading was seen as a decoding process.
Bottom-up models