The Italian Renaissance
Name 3 famous Italian Renaissance artists.
Leonardo Da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo
Who was Erasmus?
wrote bible in the vernacular (local) languages
Who nailed his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany?
Martin Luther
Who was Mary I? What was her nickname and why?
daughter of Henry VIII, wanted to restore Catholicism, "Bloody Mary", burned dissenters
Who was Johannes Kepler?
charted orbit of planets around the sun
What were two reasons that the Renaissance began in Italy?
ideal location-peninsula, center of trade
Florence-Medici family were patrons
Who was William Shakespeare? Why was he a humanist?
English writer; wrote about human emotions such as love, greed, revenge, betrayal, etc.
What happened at the Diet of Worms?
Luther forced to recant; when he did not, he became an outlaw
Why did Henry VIII want an annulment? What did he do when he could not get one? What did he do to Catholics?
divorce from Catherine of Aragon for not having a son; created the Anglican Church; took their land and gave it to nobles; executed some
What is the heliocentric theory? Who introduced this theory?
the sun is the center of the universe; planets revolve around the sun; Copernicus
Describe Baldassare's ideal Renaissance man. Describe Machiavelli's. What did Machiavelli mean when he said "It is better to be feared than to be loved?
versatile, well-mannered, athletic, knowledgeable; a ruthless, manipulative leader who will do what is necessary to achieve goals; fear is a more permanent emotion, love is fickle
Who was Thomas More? Explain his most famous work.
Catholic priest, wrote Utopia about an ideal but ultimately impractical society
What inspired the Peasants' Revolt? Why did it fail?
the Protestant Reformation; it failed because Luther supported the nobles and social hierarchy
What was the Council of Trent? What were 3 effects?
series of meetings to reform the Catholic Church; educational reform, emphasis on faith, outlaw indulgences
List two accomplishments of Galileo. What were the consequences for him?
observed movement of the moon, Jupiter's moons; phases of Venus, called before Inquisition, forced to recant, placed under house arrest
List and describe the three main ideas of the Renaissance...using 50 words.
List two ways that Italian and Northern Renaissance art were similar and two ways they were different.
similar-religious figures, humanism, realism
different-Italian, ideal realism, symmetry, famous people, perspective
Northern-natural realism, attention to small details, ordinary life (peasants, baptisms, marriages, etc)
What was the result of the Peace of Augsburg?
Northern city-states became Lutheran; southern city-states became Catholic
Explain the Elizabethan Settlement. What were two of her achievements?
keep Catholic rituals and hierarchy; use Protestant doctrine and teachings; English in church services; unified England, international power, flourishing of the arts
List one accomplishment of the following people: Rene Descartes, Francis Bacon, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Boyle?
I think...; scientific method; microscope; elements
Describe the characteristics of Italian Renaissance art using 50 words.
perspective, ideal realism, oil painting, shading, humanism, religious influence
Who was Johannes Guttenberg? What were three important effects of his invention?
printing press; democratization (spreading) of knowledge, books faster and cheaper to print, revolutionary ideas, increase in education
Who was John Calvin? Where did he found his church? What idea was the basis for his religion? List three things that were punishable in his community.
founder of Calvinism; Geneva; predestination-act like saints; drinking, dancing, swearing, playing cards; laughing in church
List three efforts to reform/strengthen the Catholic Church using 50 words.
Council of Trent; Jesuits; Inquisition
Who was Issac Newton? Explain his importance to science using 50 words.
English physicist, apple story, theory of gravity, created calculus to explain his laws of motion