Atomic Masses
What is Electromagnetic Radiation
When white light passes through a prism a continuous blend of all visible wavelengths of light is produced.
How and why do elements form ions?
Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. Gaining electrons changes an atom into a negative ion. Losing electrons changes an atom into a positive ion and Elements that form ions do so because their natural electron configuration isn’t stable. By gaining or losing electrons they can attain a full valence shell
Where are the lowest and highest energy located
The lowest shell energy is located at the neclues and the highest shell energy is located the furthest away from the nucleus
What Are Valence Electrons?
A valence electron is a negatively charged particle, located in the outermost shell of an atom
What is the difference between a Cations and Anions
A cation is an atom or a group of atoms bearing one or more positive electric charges. An anion is an atom or a group of atoms bearing one or more negative electric charges.
What Are Electron Clouds
The system of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom.
What elements have the greatest to the lowest number of stable isotopes
Tin is the element with the most stable isotopes, ten And Hydrogen has the smallest amount of isotopes, with 3 total and two stable isotopes.
When are Electrons in the excited state
Electrons are in the excited state when their in a shell higher than their ground state.
What is the Octet Rule?
The octet rule is a chemical rule that reflects the observation of the main group elements that tend to bond in a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas.
His model of an atom is showing it move in a circular pattern for the electron and the evidence supports his model because it shows that it can go in between and only in a circular way and how the energy is being absorbed from one to the next and gives ofan extra energy as a specific frequent of light and is shown by the energy levels of the electrons shown from the model he made
Who Created The Cannonball Model? Give details on what his theory is about
John Dalton created the cannonball model which basically was showing that matter is made of indivisible atoms and that they can be divided.
What are the natural abundances of Isotopes and where are they found?
The relative atomic mass of these isotopes is the atomic weight listed for the element in the periodic table which is where they can be found
In order for an excited state electron to return to the ground state it must do what?
It has to release energy in order to go back into its ground state
What is a Lewis Dot Structure
A Lewis dot structure is a quick and easy diagram that shows the valence electrons in an element.
How do these relate to mass number and atomic number?
Atomic number and mass number are always whole numbers because they areobtained by counting whole objects.
What was Thomson’s model called? Give details on what his theory is about
Thomson’s model was called the plum-pudding model and his experiments with cathode ray tubes showed that all atoms contain tiny negatively charged subatomic particles or electrons.
Find chlorine’s average atomic mass if approximately 8 of every 10 atoms are chlorine-35 and 2 are chlorine-37.
The average atomic mass is 35.40
What is the Bohr notation for carbon’s electrons in the ground state and How would you write the Bohr notation for carbon’s electrons in the excited state?
For ground state it would be 2-4 and when it’s at its excited state it would be 2-3-1
What are the 2 rules in a Lewis Dot Diagram
Rule #1. No side can have more than two dots because each orbital can only hold two electrons and Rule #2. When filling the sides of the element symbol each side gets one dot before doubling up. Exceptions are hydrogen and helium.
What was Bohr’s Proposal? Explain
Electrons orbit the nucleus in certain energy levels and that an electron can occupy.The further an electron is from the nucleus, the more energy it has.
Calculate the avg. atomic mass of oxygen if its abundance in nature is 99.76% 16O, 0.04% 17O, and 0.20% 18O.
the avg. atomic mass of oxygen is 16.00
How would the notation look like if an element is loosing or gaining an electron
When an atom is loosing an electron it would be +1 and When it’s gaining an electron it is would be -1
If an electron is going back to the nucleus is it loosing or gaining electrons
The electron going towards the nuclues will loose its energy that is being absorbed by the electrion in 2 and will have a previous energy