a
Her fear was that the tone and meaning of her novel would be made light of in the contemporary style of musicals being produced. It was only when the producer, Jerome Kern, assured her that the production would convey the original intent of her novel, that she agreed to collaborate on the musical.
The word “convey” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to
a. support
b. highlight
c. transport
d communicate
d. communicate
She covered major media events such as both the Democratic and Republican National Conventions of 1920, which preceded the presidential election of that same year. This work, in addition to her fiction writing, not only permitted her to support herself, but also bolstered her reputation as a flexible writer.
The word “bolstered” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
a. changed
b. created
c. strengthened
d. started
c. strengthened
The Industrial Revolution, which took place from the late eighteenth to the early nineteenth century, generated the first notable increase of air pollution.
The word “notable” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
a. measurable
b. significant
c. high
d. ordinary
b. significant
The Great Red Spot draws the attention of scientists, especially astronomers, because it is considered the most powerful storm in the entire solar system. It is a high-pressure storm much like a hurricane on Earth, but it is much larger and has persisted for far longer than any storms on our planet.
The word “draws” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
a. deserves
b. attracts
c. portrays
d. detracts
b. attracts
However, many experiments indicate that more than sight is involved. Some fish school quite well in the dark or in murky water where visibility is extremely limited. This indicates that senses other than eyesight must be involved in enabling the schooling behavior.
The word “murky” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
a. cloudy
b. warm
c. clear
d. deep
a. cloudy
The main conflict in the novel is between a mother who places a high value on work and honor and a son who repudiates his mother’s values, instead preferring the easier path to fortune and celebrity. Like many of Ferber’s novels, this novel features a tenacious female protagonist with strong character who struggles to deal with ethical dilemmas about the importance of status and money.
The word “repudiates” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
a. refuses to accept
b. does not reflect
c. does not understand
d. makes the best of
a. refuses to accept
However, two- to three-year olds that have been raised in a highly stressful environment often display similar symptoms, making it difficult to attribute the behavior to a definite cause.
The word “attribute” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
a. pull
b. attach
c. take
d. point out
b. attach
Raised beaches are remnants of former coastlines at higher levels relative to the present shoreline and visible, for instance, along the California coast north of San Francisco, the height of a raised beach above the present shoreline, however, does not generally give a straightforward indication of the height of a former sea level.
The word "remnants" in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. remains
These regions are especially likely to have periods of severe dry ness, so that crop failures are common. Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion.
The phrase "devoid of" in the passage is closest in meaning to
O consisting of
O hidden by
O except for
O lacking in
d. lacking in
After the host plant is located, the dodder stem wraps itself around the host stem, moving in an upward direction and attaching its haustoria to several locations along the host plant’s stem. In experiments performed with dodders and a variety of compatible host plants, experts have suggested dodders have a means to seek out plants with higher levels of sugar in them, which raises the parasite plant’s chances of survival.
The word “compatible" in paragraph 5 could best be replaced by
a. suitable
b. related
c. inappropriate
d solid
a. suitable
Ferber initially planned to be a journalist and embarked on her career by working as
a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin. While she was recovering from a period of sickness during this point in her career, Ferber decided to try her hand at writing fiction. Her first novel, Dawn O’Hara, the Girl Who Laughed, was published in 1911, when she was only 24 years old.
The phrase “embarked on” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
a took a trip to
b started out on
c improved upon
d supported
b. started out on
When the gas reaches the air, it comes into contact with available oxygen from the atmosphere and combines with the oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is a gas with a brownish hue.
The word “hue” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
a. color
b. odor
c. thickness
d. smoke
a. color
At night, the solar energy (stored as vast quantities of heat in city buildings and roads) is slowly released into the city air. Additional city heat is given off at night (and during the day) by vehicles and factories, as well as by industrial and domestic heating and cooling units. The release of heat energy is retarded by the tall vertical city walls that do not allow infrared radiation to escape as readily as does the relatively level surface of the surrounding countryside.
The word "retarded" in the passage is closest in meaning to
d. slowed down
Some of the most recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. At that time, slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer's rule. Since they had no opportunity to learn each other's languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowner.
'Make-shift' in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
A complicated and expressive
B simple and temporary
C extensive and diverse
D private and personal
B simple and temporary
Edna Ferber (1887-1968) was a popular American novelist in the first half of the twentieth century. Growing up as the daughter of an immigrant father and U.S.-born mother, her Jewish heritage caused her to encounter numerous incidences of discrimination, though none were severe enough to hinder her from pursuing and achieving renown as an author.
The word “incidences” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
a. occurrences
b. issues
c. problems
d. effects
a. occurrences
A dodder seed has enough autonomous resources within its seed to survive for about six days. During this time, its stems can branch out up to six centimeters to reach a host plant. After the host plant is located,
the dodder stem wraps itself around the host stem, moving in an upward direction and attaching its haustoria to several locations along the host plant’s stem
The phrase “branch out” in paragraph 5 could best be replaced by
a. decline
b. collect
c, modify
d. extend
d. extend
This haze was termed “smog” in the early twentieth century by Dr. Henry Antoine Des Voeux, who spoke at a public health meeting about the combination of smoke and fog that had adversely affected the health of London citizens.
The word “adversely” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
a. quickly
b. in general
c. medically
d. negative
d. negative
The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint —for instance, Teotihuacán's religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuacán's elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C.
The word "ingenuity" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:
A.ambition
B.sincerity
C.faith
D.cleverness
D.cleverness
In both instances, the parasites attach themselves to the host plant by means of their own modified root system, a haustorium. The haustorium penetrates into the host plant and creates a vascular system that channels nutrients from the host plant to the parasite.
The word “channels” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
a. carries
b. penetrates
c. creates
d. prevents
a. carries
Regardless of how the initial stage starts, once it begins, autism progresses consistently throughout childhood without remission. Obvious signs gradually show themselves in the first year of a child’s life and become rooted between the second and third years; the disorder persists throughout adulthood, though it may present in a less obvious manner.
The word “persists” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to
a. lessens
b. worsens
c. stops
d. continues
d. continues
Once the seeds are in the vicinity of a host plant, they also need a method to determine in which direction to grow to reach the host. Root parasitic plants generally use chemical clues dispersed into the soil by the host plant to determine the direction.
The word “dispersed” in paragraph 4 could best be replaced by
a. contained
b. limited
c. spread
d. dug
c. spread
In order for the parasitic plant to have the opportunity to thrive, it has to germinate, or sprout seeds close to the host plant whose nutrients it wishes to draw from. This can happen in multiple ways. New seeds may drop from existing plants adjacent to current host plants and their seedlings, creating an expanding area for new parasitic plants to bloom.
The word “adjacent” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
a. connected
b. remote
c. away
d. near
d. near
Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and advanced on the continents numerous times during the Mesozoic, so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier fluctuations but not with this one? Although initially appealing, the hypothesis of a simple climatic change related to sea levels is insufficient to explain all the data.
The word “fluctuations” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A extremes
B retreats
C periods
D variations
D variations
On-screen deaths or acts of violent behavior in certain television programs or movies can be counted in the tens, or hundreds, or even thousands; while some have argued that this sort of fictional violence does not in and of itself cause violence and may even have a beneficial cathartic1 effect, studies have shown correlations between viewing of violence and incidences of aggressive behavior in both childhood and adolescence.
The phrase “in and of itself” in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to
a. internally
b. single-handedly
c. genuinely
d. semi-privately
b. single-handedly
The Kyoto Protocol, named after the Japanese city where it was initially adopted, is the most well-known of recent efforts. The protocol called
for member nations of the United Nations to establish policies that would contain, and ultimately reduce, emissions that lead to smog. However, the protocol has had mixed results. While 191 nations signed and ratified the protocol, some did not ratify, or formally agree to, the policy.
The word “protocol” in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to
a. manners
b. agreement
c. law
d. document
b. agreement