The Skeletal System
What is a function of the skeletal system?
Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production.
Where is the biggest muscle located? Give the proper name.
Gluteus maximus
The cardiorespiratory system involves what?
The heart and lungs.
What are the three energy systems?
ATP-PC
Anaerobic
Aerobic
What does FITT stand for and give a definition of each?
Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type
What are the five types of bones?
Long, flat, sesamoid, irregular, short.
What are the three types of muscles and provide a definition?
Cardiac - involuntary (of the heart)
Smooth - involuntary (stomach, intestines)
Skeletal - voluntary (the type of muscle we see and feel)
What are two functions of the cardio system and two of the respiratory system?
1. Transport O2 and nutrients to the body. 2. To remove CO2 from the body.3. Helps maintain body temperature. 4. Helps fight disease.
1. Bring O2 to the lungs. 2. Remove CO2 from the blood. 3. Expel heat and water vapour. 4. Allow vocal cords to create speech.
Give a sporting example for each system.
ATP-PC - 100m sprint
Anaerobic - 400m run
Aerobic - 1500m run
Give an example of a training method.
Continuous, Fartlek, Interval, Circuit, Flexibility, Resistance, Plyometric, HIIT
If a bone is superior to another bone, what does this mean?
It is closer to the head.
There are three types of muscle contractions, what are they?
Isotonic, isometric, isokinetic.
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right ventricle, right atrium, left ventricle, left atrium.
What fuels are used for each system?
ATP-PC - PC
Anaerobic - Glucose
Aerobic - carbs, fats, proteins
What does progressive overload mean and why is it important?
Over time overloading either weight or time to improve. If we don't progressively overload then we won't see improvements.
What are the five sections of the vertebral column, in order from superior to inferior?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx.
What are the two muscle fibre types and provide a definition?
Fast-twitch - for explosive movements
Slow-twitch - for endurance athletes.
What are the three blood vessels and their role?
Veins - carry blood away from the heart.
Arteries - carry blood to the heart.
Capillaries - involved in gas exchange.
How do the three energy systems work together in a footy match?
ATP-PC is responsible for the first 10secs in the ruck tap for example, then the the anaerobic system takes over for the next part and then the aerobic system fuels the rest of the game.
What is a tool an athlete can use to measure intensity?
Heart rate monitor
Own awareness
What are the three types of joints and give a definition of each one?
Fibrous - immovable
Cartilaginous - semi-moveable
Synovial - freely moveable
What is the all-or-nothing principle?
We must hit a certain threshold for our muscles to react and provide movement. To write with a pen with only need a small muscle group to contract, whereas if we kicked a ball, we would need a larger muscle group to contract.
What are three components of blood and their function?
Red blood cells - carry haemoglobin.
White blood cells - fight infection.
Platelets - clot the blood.
How can we still sprint in a footy game?
The anaerobic system helps the aerobic system to allow us to sprint.
Why is flexibility important?
To limit injuries.