Clauses
What is the difference between an essential and a non-essential who/which clause?
Essential affects the meaning or specifies which person or thing is intended. Non-essential can be removed and not affect the meaning.
Tests= Does it affect the meaning of the rest of the sentence? Does it specify which particular person or thing is intended?
How should MC cc MC be punctuated?
MC, cc MC
What is the function of transitional words?
Transitional words and expressions help connect ideas or show relationships between them. They also provide bridges when moving from one idea or step to another.
What does a prepositional phrase never have?
A verb.
Define: Drivel & Inarticulately
Drivel: Nonsense; meaningless talk or thinking.
Inarticulately: Unable to express yourself clearly.
What does a clause always have?
Subject & verb.
How are transitional words punctuated?
MC T MC
DC T MC
Set off most transitions with commas (openers and those that interrupt a sentence).
MC; T, MC
DC, T, MC
What are the four ways to fix a run-on sentence.
Period: MC. MC
Semicolon: MC; MC
Comma + cc: MC, cc MC
Adverb clause: Add a www.asia.buuba word to one of the clauses to connect them MC AC or AC, MC
State the two important requirements of a participial phrase. Hint: it's also a #4.
Comma at the end and immediately followed by the "thing doing the ing-ing"
Define: Mortification & Consternation
Mortification: A feeling of humiliation or shame.
Consternation: Dismay; alarm.
What is an MC, DC, and AC? Describe each.
Main Clause-stands alone as a sentence.
Dependent Clause-cannot stand alone, must be attached to an MC.
Adverb Clause-cannot stand alone, must be attached to an MC. Commonly begins with with a www word.
How is an essential who-which punctuated?
How is a non-essential who-which punctuated?
Essential=no commas.
Non-Essential=before and after.
What is parallelism or parallel construction in a sentence? Give an example.
Parallelism is when all items in a list are the same part of speech or same construction which creates balance. It also applies to correlative conjunctions.
either...or / not only...but (also) / neither...nor / both...and / whether...or / not...but /
Faulty: Clara not only wants money but also fame.
Correct: Clara wants not only money but also fame.
Correct: Clara not only wants money but also wants fame.
The pairs of conjunctions require equal (parallel) structures after each one. No commas unless it serves another grammatical function.
What part of speech is at the end of a prepositional phrase?
A noun.
Define: Blemished & Trepidation
Blemished: Marred or spoiled by imperfections.
Trepidation: Alarm; agitation.
What words commonly begin an adverb clause?
www.asia.buuba when, where, while, as, since, if, although, because, until, unless, before, after.
When does a #3 LY sentence opener take a comma?
When it modifies the sentence and not just the verb.
How do you punctuate a sentence that begins with multiple openers?
eg: During inclement weather when no one ventured out of doors the servants feared for the safety of the knick-knacks adorning the halls.
At the end of the string of openers unless needed for better understanding.
eg: During inclement weather when no one ventured out of doors, the servants feared for the safety of the knick-knacks adorning the halls.
How is a series of prepositional phrases punctuated?
Example: On the counter next to the door by the coffee pot is where I keep my keys.
At the end of all of them.
On the counter next to the door by the coffee pot, is where I keep my keys.
Define: Copiously & Salvage
Copiously: Abundantly; plentifully.
Salvage: To save from loss.
What are subordinating conjunctions? Hint: They create an AC.
Usually the www.asia.buuba words. when, where, while, as, since, if, although, because, until, unless, before, after.
How do you punctuate a sentence with two main clauses not joined by a coordinating conjunction.
; in between.
eg: The fancy dress made her feel beautiful; the skirt swirled and swooshed as she danced.
How are transitional words punctuated?
MC T MC
DC T MC
Set off most transitions with commas (openers and those that interrupt a sentence).
MC; T, MC
DC, T, MC
How are mid sentence prepositional phrases punctuated?
What if they fall after a cc at the beginning of an MC? eg: MC cc pp MC
Mid sentence prepositional phrases do not get a comma.
MC, cc pp, MC
Define: Stipulation & Hospitably
Stipulation: Condition; demand.
Hospitably: Treating guests warmly and generously.