This or That
Amelia: Susan, can you go with me to the movies?
Susan: No, I cannot.
Amelia: Why?
Susan: Because I have to watch a Civil War documentary for my essay, and if I don't and get a bad grade, Mr. Stiles will tell the principal, I will get expelled, We will have to move, and the whole world will blow up and be obliterated.
Ad Populum (Mob Appeal) or Appeal to Fear?
What is Appeal to Fear?
Ad Hominem
extra credit: Ad Fontem
What is "to the man"?
What is "against or to the source"?
Arguments that assume that a rival's recommendation should be discounted because the rival does not always follow it himself (or herself).
What is Tu Quoque?
“Gun laws should be extremely strict and it should be incredibly difficult to acquire a gun. Many respected people such as actor Brad Pitt, have expressed their support of this movement.”
What is Appeal to Illegitimate Authority?
Bill: Bob, you used my hunting knife to skin that squirrel yesterday without asking my permission! You cannot borrow it anymore.
Bob: How can you say that? Just last month you used by gun to shoot a bird without asking me!
Ad Hominem Abusive or Tu Quoque?
What is Tu Quoque?
Ad Misericordiam
What is "to pity"?
Arguments that distract by making the audience want to be part of the crowd, majority, or "common people."
What is Ad Populum (Mob Appeal)?
Teenager to Highway Patrol Officer: “Please officer, don’t give me a ticket. My parents will take the car away from me and my life will be miserable. Besides, it’s not my fault Professor Itnyre dismissed us later than usual and made me rush to get to work on time.”
What is "Appeal to Pity"?
Come on, dude! Let's do the Polar Plunge! It's a Burns family tradition. We've been doing this since the sixties!
Chronological Snobbery or Appeal to Ignorance?
What is Chronological Snobbery-- Appeal to Tradition?
Ad Verecundiam
What is "to shame"?
Irrelevant Goals or Functions
What is (are) Arguments that distract by measuring a plan or policy according to goals it wasn't meant to achieve.
NO NORMAL SHOE--You can find a normal shoe store around the corner of Mainstreet. But to find the world of exquisite, extraordinary, and excellent shoes takes something more... at Luix de Pat shoes!
What is Snob Appeal?
This fallacy reasons that one can accurately judge or assess something as good or bad based on where it originates from.
Genetic Fallacy or Ad Hominem Circumstantial?
What is Genetic Fallacy?
Ad Baculum
What is "to the stick"?
Ad Hominem Circumstantial
What is (are) Arguments that try to discredit an opponent because of his background, affiliations, or self-intrest in the matter at hand.
Since the students have no questions concerning the topics discussed in class, the students are ready for a test.
What is Appeal to Ignorance?
There are starving children in Africa. Eat your carrots.
Irrelevant Goals or Functions or Irrelevant Thesis?
What is Irrelevant Thesis?
Tu Quoque
What is "you also"?
Ad Fontem Arguments
and
Appeals to Emotion
What is (are) Arguments that distract by focusing attention on the source of the argument, rather than the issue itself.
What is (are) Arguments that attempt to sway the opinions of people by compelling them to feel emotions such as pity, anger, fear, joy, peer pressure, intimidation, etc.
"We should be doing more to make cars greener and more fuel efficient." "Our cities are built for cars, do you want to affect the economy?"
What is (the) Straw Man Fallacy?