ORGANS & STRUCTURE
Name the two bean-shaped organs that produce urine.
What are Kidneys
What is the liquid waste produced by the kidneys called?
What is Urine.
What is the microscopic functional unit of the kidney?
What is the nephron.
What is inflammation of the urinary bladder, commonly caused by infection, called?
What is Cystitis.
Name two things a care worker should observe about urine.
What are Amount, colour, clarity, odour or frequency.
What tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
What is Ureters.
Give one way the kidneys help maintain fluid balance.
They regulate water and electrolyte balance.
What capillary bed is involved in filtration?
What is the glomerulus.
What disorder involves infection/inflammation of the kidney?
What is Pyelonephritis.
What does urinary retention mean?
Urine is produced but cannot be adequately emptied from the bladder.
What organ stores urine before it is expelled?
What is Urinary bladder.
Name two hormones associated with kidney function.
Erythropoietin and calcitriol.
Where does filtrate collect after glomerular filtration?
Bowman's capsule.
Give two common symptoms of cystitis.
Burning/painful urination, frequency, urgency or lower abdominal discomfort.
Give one reason why urine may become darker.
What is Dehydration can make urine more concentrated and darker.
What tube carries urine from the bladder to the outside?
What is Urethra.
Name two things the kidneys help regulate.
Blood pH, blood volume, blood pressure, osmolarity or electrolytes.
What happens to useful substances and much of the water in the renal tubules?
They are reabsorbed into the blood.
What condition occurs when the kidneys can no longer adequately perform their functions?
Kidney failure.
Name two urinary red flags that should be reported promptly.
What is Very little/no urine, inability to void, blood in urine, severe flank pain, fever/chills or sudden deterioration.
What is the opening through which urine leaves the body called?
External urinary meatus.
Besides waste removal, give three major functions of the kidneys.
They regulate fluids/electrolytes, pH, blood volume/pressure, osmolarity and produce hormones.
Give the pathway of urine from the kidney to outside the body.
Kidney/collecting ducts → renal pelvis → ureter → bladder → urethra → outside.
What non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate can obstruct urine flow?
What is Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Why must a urine specimen be collected, labelled and handled correctly?
What is To prevent contamination or identification errors and support accurate testing.