EPA's
What does EPA stand for?
Electrophysical Agents
What are some common lines & tubes?
What are the main muscles used for INSPIRATION?
External intercostals and diaphragm
HR, BP, O2 stats, respiration rate, pain level
Name 3 indications for the use of ES?
Muscle weakness
Poor motor control
Increased pain
Decrease circulation
Increased swelling
What should you do before getting the patient up?
Create a clear path, make sure your equipment is close, check the lines, check the bag
Which technique should NOT be used for patients with COPD
Inspiratory hold
What is a normal adult heart rate range?
60-100 bpm
What is the difference between thermal and non-thermal ultrasound?
Bonus 50 for what you should tell a client to expect to feel for either one
Thermal is continuous and uses heat, non-thermal is pulsed and has no heat
Thermal- “You (should or) may feel mild warmth. Let me know if you feel anything uncomfortable”
Non-thermal- “You most likely won’t feel anything so, let me know if you feel anything”
What are 3 reasons a patient may be hesitant to mobilize?
Pain, ALOC, fear, weakness, Lines & tubes, patients family fears, medical staff prioritization
Give 2 reasons why we use diaphragmatic breathing
strengthens the diaphragm, decrease work of breathing, decreases oxygen demand, uses less effort and energy to breathe
Quantity: Numerically, VAS, Pictures, quality: location, description, does it change?
What is the difference between contraindications and precautions and name 2 of each for TENS and NMES
Contraindication you should not do it, precaution you can do it still but take extra care and measures.
Contras: Pregnancy, cancer, pacemaker, arythmias
Pre- obesity, decreased sensation, skin conditions, decreased cognition
What are 3 sternal precautions?
No pushing or pulling, no lifting more than 5 lbs, no overhead reaching, no reaching to the sides, no reaching behind the back
What is the difference between coughing and huffing and why do we use one over the other?
Huffing is less forceful and this means it can be less painful and tiring so we use it with patients that are struggling to cough
What respiratory rate is safe to mobilize?
Explain how the gate theory works in relation to EPA's
The application of EPAs creates inhibitory signals so the Gate closes and pain transmission is blocked/lessened
What are 3 ways to prevent pneumonia?
Keep HOB at 30 degrees, sit up for all meals, walking to max distance 3x/day, deep breathing and coughing exercises every hour, oral care 2-4x/day
Name 3 of the accessory muscles to breathing
Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes, Pec major and minor, serratus anterior, lattisimus dorsi
What might lead to an inaccurate O2 reading? Name 2 things
client has poor circulation, wearing nail polish, taken on same side as BP cuff