Socioeconomics and culture
Way to identify families based on shared levels of education, income, and occupation; they tend to have similar lifestyles
Socioeconomic Status
A study in which a single case/situation is explored in great detail; cannot be generalized to larger populations
Case studies
A theory by Sigmund Freud that suggests that emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences in shaping our personality and behavior, as well as unconscious motives and desires
Psychodynamic Theory
Theory that helps us understand how our responses to one situation become attached to new ones
Classical Conditioning Theory
Cognitive development stage that Jean Piaget associates with the few two years of life
Senses and motor skills
Poorer health, lower life expectancy, less healthcare, greater stress, dangerous occupations, higher infant mortality rates, etc.
Consequences of Poverty
A study design that is widely used, enhance accessibility, and may include forced choice questions and semi-structured questions; is based on self-report which can limit accuracy
Surveys
The concept in the Theory of Self that suggests this part of our self is realistic and reasonable, and acts as a mediator between the id and superego.
Ego
Describes how we repeat behaviors because they will pay off
Operant Conditioning
Lev Vygotsky’s theory that emphasized the importance of culture and interaction in the development of cognitive abilities
Sociocultural theory
The normal by-product of growing up in a culture; belief that our own culture is superior
Ethnocentrism
A type of study that focuses on describing an occurrence; “How much time do parents spend with their children?”, “How many times per week do couples have intercourse?”
Descriptive studies
The Theory that most of our mental processes, motivations, and desires are outside our awareness
Theory of the Mind
B.F Skinner expanded on what law by adding in reinforcements
Law of Effect
Logic and understanding show up in which age group according to Jean Piaget
Middle childhood
The appreciation for cultural differences and the understanding that cultural practices are best understood from the standpoint of that particular culture
Cultural Relativity
A type of study that involves watching/ recording the actions of participants
Observational Studies
Psychologist that studied under Freud and developed the Psychosocial stages theory
Erik Erikson
Theory developed by Albery Bandura saying we learn through imitating others
Social Learning Theory
What is an example of a microsystem is Urie Bronfenbrenner's model
Parents or siblings
Includes ideas about what’s right and wrong, what to strive for, what to eat, what is valued, and what kinds of emotion are called for in situations— learned from parents, schools, churches, media, and others.
Culture
The effect that says children tend to change their behavior when they know they are being watched
Hawthorne Effect
The defense mechanism where people take their frustrations out on a safer target
Displacement
Adding or taking away something that will encourage a certain behavior
Positive reinforcement
Global economic conditions, war, technological trends, values, philosophies, societies responses to things...
Macrosystems