Skin
Dendritic Cells and Macrophages
Keratinocytes produce __________, which provides the protective layer of the skin, and are connected by __________.
Keratin; Desmosomes
What two layers make up the dermis?
Papillary Layer and Reticular Layer
The hypodermis is the __________ layer deep to the __________.
Subcutaneous; Skin
Sudoriferous glands are also called _____ glands, and sebaceous glands are also called ___ glands.
Sweat; Oil
The skin is a chemical barrier. It has a slightly _____ pH to discourage bacterial growth and __________ to provide a UV shield.
Low; Melanin
Melanocytes produce __________ that is packaged into melanosomes and transferred to __________ to protect nuclei from UV damage.
Melanin; Keratin
Dermal papillae are the __________ region of the dermis that sends __________ projections up into the __________.
Superficial; Fingerlike; Epidermis
The hypodermis is not part of the __________ but shares some __________.
Skin; Functions
_____, also called pili, are flexible strands of dead, keratinized cells. The two regions are the _____ and _____.
Hairs; Shaft; Root
What are the three stages of skin repair?
Phase I: Inflammatory Phase, Phase II: Proliferative Phase III: Wound Contraction and Remodeling
What are the four cell types of the epidermis?
Keratinocytes, Dendritic Cells/Macrophages, Melanocytes, and Merkel/Tactile Cells
The reticular layer makes up approximately ___% of dermal thickness and consists of coarse, _____ _____ connective tissue.
80; Dense Fibrous
The hypodermis is mostly __________ tissue that absorbs __________ and __________.
Adipose; Shock; Insulates
In people with little melanin, the blood cells circulating through the dermal capillaries can be visualized, giving fair skin a __________ _____, which is a result of __________.
Pinkish Hue; Hemoglobin
The skin has many functions, including _____ __________ regulation, __________ sensation, __________ functions, acting as a __________ reservoir, and excretion.
Body Temperature; Cutaneous; Metabolic; Blood
What are the five layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?
Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, and Stratum Basale
The reticular layer contains many _____ fibers that provide stretch-recoil properties and _____ fibers that provide strength and resiliency.
Elastic; Collagen
The hypodermis anchors __________ to underlying structures: mostly __________.
Skin; Muscles
__________ is a yellow-orange pigment found in certain plant products. It can accumulate in the __________ __________ and in the fat of subcutaneous tissue in the body. It can be converted to __________ ___, which is essential for vision.
Carotene; Stratum Corneum; Vitamin A
The skin is a physical barrier. It consists of __________ cells and a _____-_____ surface.
Keratinized; Lipid-Rich
__________ is a polymer of tyrosine and can range in color from __________ __________ to __________ __________.
Melanin; Reddish Yellow; Brownish Black