The IPA, Vowels
æ = vowel sound
( ___ as in _____)
short "a" as in "bat"
ŋ = consonant sound
(____ as in ____)
"ng" sound as in "king"
bilabial + example
lips and p, b, or m
morpheme
smallest unit of linguistic meaning or function, such as sheepdogs = sheep , dog, and s
assimilation + example
taking on the characteristics of adjacent segments, such as the vowels adjacent to a nasalized "m" or "n" are also nasalized
ɪ = vowel sound
(____ as in ____)
short "i" sound as in "bit"
θ = consonant sound
(____ as in ____)
soft "th" sound as in "thistle"
glottal + example
down in the throat (glottis) and h
allomorph
another sound of the same morpheme, such as the "s" when pluralizing /caps/and /cabs?
schwa insertion + example
add a schwa in some plural and past tenses, like "skate"/"skated"
i= vowel sound
(____ as in ____)
long "e" as in "beet"
ð = consonant sound
(____ as in ____)
hard "th" sound as in "that"
velar + example
soft palate (back of mouth) and k, g, or ŋ
phonotactics
allowable orders or arrangements of sounds
pluralization + example
z, s, or əs depending on voiced nonsibilant, voiceless nonsibilant, or sibilant segment
ʌ = vowel sound
(____ as in ____)
"uh" sound as in "but"
t̬ʃ = consonant sound
(____ as in ____)
"ch" sound as in "church"
palatal + example
tongue to palate and ʃ, ʒ, t̬ʃ, dʒ, j
voiceless
produced by open, non-vibrating vocal cords
epenthesis + example
aʊ = vowel sound
(____ as in ____)
"ow" sound as in "ouch"
dʒ = consonant sound
(____ as in ____)
"dj" sound as in "jump"
interdental + example
tongue between teeth and θ, ð
lexical gap
segment deletion + example
spelling remains the same, but pronunciation omits a segment ("mystery" pronounced as "myst'ry" or the loss of the "g" sound from "signature" with "sign")