Cancer
Meiosis
Mitosis
Probability
Inheritance
100
This is a mass of cells dividing uncontrollably
tumor
100
These cells are the result of meiosis
gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females)
100
This is the chromosome number of a human (somatic) cell.
2n, n = number of chromosomes
n = 23
46 chromosomes
100
This is the formula used to calculate probability
probability of event "x" = the number of outcomes that produce "x" / the total number of outcomes
100
This is the observable features of an organism that are determined by its combination of alleles.
phenotype
200
This type of gene slows or inhibits cell division
tumor suppressor gene
200
During this stage, chromosomes line up end-to-end along the middle of the cell (equator)
Metaphase II
200
These are several reasons/functions for cell division.
growth of organism, replacement of old/dead cells, reproduction
200
This is the probability that a flipped coin lands on "tails"
1 of 2
0.50
50%
200
An individual that has two copies of the same allele (for a given gene) is this
a homozygote
can be homozygous dominant (AA) or homozygous recessive (aa)
300
This type of cancer causes the most male and female deaths.
lung/bronchus
300
Give the name of the process shown here, when it occurs, and describe the result.
Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis I. The result is that there are new combinations of genes on the chromosomes that are assorted into the eggs and sperm.
300
This phase comes before telophase but after metaphase
anaphase
300
This is the probability that when you roll a die, it will come up a "3".
1 of 6
0.17 (0.16666666 - simply round up to 0.17)
17%
300
Imagine that your baby has brown eyes, what is its genotype?
It could be either AA or Aa (as long as it has at least one copy of the dominant "brown" allele).
400
These are the conditions in stage IV cancer
Mass of cancer cells has invaded surrounding tissues (in the original location) and cancer cells have moved through the blood to establish new growths in other parts of the body (metastasis).
400
This is what happens during non-disjunction
Chromosomes are unequally divided in (either of) metaphase I or II. An additional chromosome goes to one daughter cell and there is no chromosome sent to the other. The resulting sperm or egg cells have too many or too few chromosomes.
400
DNA is replicated in this part of interphase
S
400
If a couple has four children, what is the probability that their third child will be male?
1 (male) of 2 (male or female)
0.50
50%
400
This is required for an individual to have the recessive phenotype.
it must have a homozygous recessive genotype (aa). It must have both recessive alleles for the given gene.
500
This is what happens when a proto-oncogene mutates
The proto-oncogene becomes an oncogene. The DNA mutation is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into a sequence of amino acids. Because of the error in the DNA, the sequence of amino acids is incorrect and the final protein does not have the correct shape (and thus, function is wrong). Instead of the protein controlling a cell's entry into division, it promotes entry into division.
500
This is what happens as a result of chromosomal abnormalities (change in number or structure of chromosome).
The resulting individual born has additional or missing sections of chromosomes. The genes on these chromosomes are then transcribed and translated. Proteins are made that aren't needed/wanted and/or proteins aren't produced that are needed. A variety of symptoms are related to this - depends on the specific chromosomal abnormality.
500
These conditions must be met for a cell to be allowed to enter cell division.
The cell must be in the right location, have healthy (unmutated) genes, and have access to sufficient resources.
500
This is the probability that heterozygous parents will have a heterozygous offspring.
2 (Tt) of 4 (1 TT, 2 Tt, 1 tt)
0.50
50%
500
A female (Hh) hippo and male (HH) hippo have four offspring.
The gene controls leg length. H = short legs, h = long legs
Based on Punnett Square predictions, what are the genotypes and phenotypes of these four offspring.
By the way, this is legit! Hippo leg length is determined by dominant/recessive alleles.
2 HH (short legs)
2 Hh (short legs)