Gene Expression
The process by which cells become specialized
Differentiation
A typical cell in your body only uses about this percentage of its genes
10%
This woman's immortal cells were taken and researched without her knowledge. These cells have been important in scientific research involving cancer, viral growth, and much more.
Henrietta Lack (HeLa Cells)
At this mitotic stage, mitosis begins, DNA condenses, spindle microtubules assemble and bind to chromosomes at the centromere, and sister chromatids become attached to opposite centriole pairs
Prophase
In a eukaryotic cell cycle, the interval between mitotic divisions when a cell grows, roughly doubles the number of its cytoplasmic components, and replicates its DNA
Interphase
A tightly condensed X crhomosome that is not expressed in females
Barr Body
Proteins that influence transcription by binding to DNA
Transcription Factors
A nuclear division mechanism that maintains the chromosome number in daughter cells
This stage of interphase involves DNA replication
S phase
At this mitotic stage, spindle microtubules separate sister chromatids, which them move toward the opposite sides of the cell
Anaphase
Gene encoding a product that affects the expression of many other genes
Master Gene
True or false: Epigenetic marks can be transmitted to multiple generations
True (if the marks are put down on sperm or eggs)
A series of events from the time a cell forms until its cytoplasm divides
Cell Cycle
The last phase of the cell cycle in which a cleavage furrow (in animal cells) or a network of parallel microtubules (in plant cells) divide the replicated cells into two separate cells
Cytokinesis / Cytoplasmic Division
This is the second interval when the cell prepares to divide
G2 phase of interphase
Hereditable changes in gene expression that are not due to changes in the underlying gene sequence
Epigenetic changes
Type of master genes that control the formation of specific body parts during development
Homeotic Gene
The overall goal of mitosis
To distribute a complete set of chromosomes into two new nuclei (to maintain chromosome number)
This mitotic stage involves the alignment of chromosomes at the equatorial plate
Metaphase
Members of a pair of chromosomes with the same length, shape, and genes
Homologous chromosomes
DNA methylation has this effect on gene expression
Suppression
This theory suggests that X chromosome inactivation equalizes the expression of X chromosome genes between the sexes
Theory of Dosage Compensation
What are the three phases of the cell cycle
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis (Cytoplasmic Division)
This is the 1st interval of growth before DNA replication
G1 phase of interphase
Telophase