Level 1
What is a group of people with diverse characteristics who are linked by social ties, share common perspectives, and engage in joint action in geographical locations or settings.
A community
What is a key step in data collection that can save you and your team time and money?
Determine what information is already available and what you still need (what is essential) to answer your questions. Remember this can take many months before you even begin to collect data.
What is a High Risk Approach?
Truncate high risk end of exposure distribution (e.g., address blood pressure among young black males).
T/F - Calculating the sample size you need depends on your purpose
This type of research publication presents a descriptive summary of what is known on a particular topic
Narrative Review Article
T/F : Universities and public schools are required to conduct health needs assessment every 2 years.
False: Hospitals are required to conduct a community health needs assessment (CHNA).
What is the first step in performing a community assessment?
Plan and organize:
Establish the team / workgroup / coalition / community members to involve.
Decide what to assess and how to assess it (What do you want to know? What will be the process? What will be the end product?)
What is a health program
A set of specified strategies to change the knowledge, perceptions, skills, and/or behavior of individuals or organizations with the goal of improving patients’ or population outcomes and reducing inequalities
(Intervention)
What does Descriptive Epidemiology try to answer?
Frequency and the distribution of risk factors in populations (person, place, time)
Enables to assess the extent of a disease
Can provide hypotheses of etiologic research
T/F - a meta-synthesis study looks at quantitative data/studies
False - qualitative studies.
This model “recognizes the complex interplay that exist between individuals and factors in their environment“
Socioecological Model
What topics are included at the individual level of the Socioecological model?
knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, skills, personal traits
How is an Upstream approach different from a Downstream approach?
Downstream is when you intervene and look at a problem as it is happening or had already been done (the consequences). Upstream is when you look to see why a health issue is occurring in the first place and what can be done to prevent the consequences from occurring.
(rescuing children from going down a stream vs. finding who is throwing them in the water to begin with)
The number of persons living with Type II Diabete in your community as of April 1st, 2019 is the incidence rate.
FALSE
These review articles have the goal of reducing selection bias and synthesizing all relevant articles on the topic.
Systematic review articles.
What is the difference between a Needs Assessment and a Capacity Assessment of a community?
A needs assessment presents the reported needs of an individual, group or community (perceived or actual). A capacity assessment is a measure of resources that could be brought to in to maintain or enhance the health of a community.
What type of data would you need if you were tasked with a project of improving healthful eating in low-income, rural communities? List three.
Morbidity/mortality data
Risk factor/behavior data
Epidemiological studies
Public or institutional records (e.g., hospital records, existing community health assessments, housing records, policies and their enforcement, etc.)
Social indicators
Describe the dual approach of prevention strategies
Reduce a little risk in most people (e.g., conduct a broad mass media campaign on high blood pressure).
*Lifestyle change combined with an environmental/policy approach
What would be an intermediate outcome of a prenatal course for newly expectant mothers? The course focus on managing stress, nutrition and alcohol abuse.
The mothers continue their entire pregnancy by using the coping skills, taking in all the nutrients needed and avoid alcohol. They have a successful delivery with a healthy baby.
T/F - The best databases will find over 80% of the available research
False - even the best ones find only 1/2 to 2/3 of the available literature.
What is a community audit? What example of this did we do in class?
A tool to assist in documenting observations. We did this between the two parks. Checklist of how many benches, pools, water fountains, etc., there are.
Give two examples of how the second level - Interpersonal/Social level - may influence someone’s response to COVID (for better or worse)
Family consists of high risk individuals
Friends agree to wear masks and distance
Friends/Family work to boost immunity on daily basis
Fam/Friends aren’t too worried about precautions
A 50 year old man has recently suffered from a heart attack. His Dr. has given him some medications, a diet plan, and recommended 30 minutes of physical activity each day. He has a spouse, 3 sons and a dog. He plans to go back to work where he is a professor at Rowan University. Describe what his SEC-Model would look like at each level if he wants to reduce his risk of another heart attack.
First level - He decides to workout first thing each morning taking a 30 minute walk with his dog.
Second Level - His family was scared after the incident, they jump on board with cooking a heart healthy meal together twice a week.
Third Level - Rowan has a great Rec Center he can use and the campus is large with many walkways he can utilize, as well as some healthier food options.
Fourth - He has a produce market nearby, his neighborhood has safe sidewalks and roads, he has a backyard where him and his family can play in.
Population-Based surveillance systems include:
Vital Statistics - birth and death count
Reportable diseases
Registires - birth defects, cancer, immunizations, trauma.
What are practice guidelines?
Formal statements that offer advice to clinicians, public health practitioners, and the public on how to improve the impact of clinical and public health interventions.