Fetal Monitoring
Shouldering is a feature of what type of deceleration?
Variable deceleration
What is the definition of antepartum haemorrhage?
Bleeding from or into the genital tract after the period of viability (28 weeks in T&T)
What is the accepted normal rate/progress of the first stage of labour in your setting?
1cm/hr
Using the FIGO classification, list the broad categories for AUB?
PALM-COEIN
What is the most common type of ovarian cancer?
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
What are the parameters of a biophysical profile?
NST, Fetal movement, fetal breathing, fetal tone, amniotic fluid level
What is the term used to describe the discolored, soft uterus sometimes found with placental abruption?
Couvelaire's uterus
List the correct sequence for the cardinal movements in labour (that is mechanism of labour).
Engagement, descent with flexion, internal rotation, extension, restitution, delivery
A 42-year old with a parity of 5+0 presents with AUB. An ultrasound done was normal. What would be your best option for treatment?
Mirena
Which ovarian cyst is associated with molar pregnancies?
Theca-Lutein cysts
Of the following parameters on CTG, which of the following is most reassuring?
A. Absence of decelerations
B. Good variability
C. Normal baseline
D. Absence of accelerations
E. Regular contractions every 3 minutes
Good variability
What are the 4 T's responsible for the causes of postpartum haemorrhage?
Tone, Tissue, Trauma, Thrombin
What are the 4 procedures in the active management of the third stage of labour?
Oxytocics with delivery of the anterior shoulder, Delayed cord clamping, Controlled cord traction, Uterine massage
What is the name and amount of the drug used in Mirena?
Levonorgestrel
52mg
What is the name given when there is metastatic spread from another primary malignancy to the ovary?
Kruckenberg tumour
When performing fetal blood sampling, what cut-off for pH is used for urgent delivery?
pH<7.2
List 5 drugs that can be used when managing a patient with PPH due to uterine atony?
Syntocinon, Syntometrine, Carboprost, Misoprostol, Tranexamic acid
List 4 complications of a forceps delivery
OASIS
PPH
Fetal lacerations/Haematomas/Facial nerve injury
Shoulder dystocia
A 25-year-old presents in GOPC with menorrhagia. She wants to conceive and ultrasound was normal. What would be your best treatment option?
Mefenamic acid or TXA
What is the name of the pathognomic finding found on histology of a granulosa cell tumour?
Call-Exner bodies
List 3 doppler measurements that can be used to monitor a fetus with growth restriction.
Doppler umbilical artery, Doppler MCA, Doppler ductus venosus
Give the names of 2 haemostatic brace suturing techniques?
B-Lynch, Hayman, Pereira
What examination findings would you look for when assessing a patient for OVD?
Fundal height, number of fifths palpable per abdomen, Caput, Moulding, Station, Descent
List 3 ways to reduce blood loss at myomectomy
Optimise Hb, Preoperative GnRH analogues, tourniquet, vasopressin intraoperatively
What type of cyst may show a fat/fluid interface on ultrasound?
Dermoid cyst