Earth Layers/Plate Tectonics
What was Pangaea?
A singular supercontinent that eventually split apart and became the continents that we have today.
How are Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic rocks formed.
Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma/lava) cools.
Sedimentary rocks are formed when sediment settles on top of one another, and becomes compressed.
Metamorphic rocks are formed when Igneous or Sedimentary rocks undergo extreme heat and pressure.
What are the 4 main geologic eras?
Precambrian
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
When molten rock is inside the earth, it is called ______.
Magma
What is a glacier?
A mass of snow and ice that moves down hill.
What is the crust of the earth?
The outer most layer of the Earth.
What type of rock is granite?
Igneous
What are Stromatolites?
The oldest known fossil in the world.
How are volcanoes formed?
What are the 3 types of abrasions that glaciers can cause to their surroundings?
Polish, Striations, Gouges.
What is divergence?
Divergence is when two tectonic plates move away from each other, creating a gap where they once were.
Sedimentary rocks are formed though _________ and __________.
Compaction, Cementation
The Palozoic era was known as the age of:
Fish and amphibians
A volcano that isn't located near a tectonic plate boundary is called a ______.
Hot spot.
The breaking down of materials such as rocks and minerals by physical, chemical or biological processes is known as:________
What are the terms "sliding/transform" used to describe?
Sliding and transform are used to describe when 2 plate tectonics rub against each other as they move in opposite directions.
Sediment is formed through ________ and ________.
Weathering, Erosion
Which era was the longest?
Precambrian era.
List the 3 different types of volcanoes.
Shield volcano, Cinder Cone volcano, Composite volcano
Alpine glaciers are:
Long, slow moving, rivers of ice found in areas of high elevation.
What is a tsunami?
A tsunami is created when plate tectonics move under the ocean. This creates an earthquake and mass displacement of water, causing an enormous tidal wave.
What does "Deposition" mean?
The laying down of sediment.
What was the age of humans known as?
Cenozoic era
What are the 4 main parts that make a volcano?
Main vent, secondary vents, magma chamber, crater
What is the zone of Accumulation?
The area in which snow builds up to form the glacier.