Risk Factors / Signs & Symptoms
Biggest risk factor for diabetes
Obesity
What all diabetics should wear
Medical alert bracelet
Two main types of diabetic complications
Macrovascular and mircovascular
Impact of alcohol on blood sugars
Hypoglycemia
Normal fasting blood glucose
4 – 6
Name 3 risk factors for diabetes
HTN, obesity, age (>55), certain cultures (latin, aboriginal, Asian, African), vascular disease
Frequency of routine screening for type 1 diabetes
Not recommended
Two areas impacted by microvascular complications
Eyes, kidneys, nerves and skin
2 benefits of exercise for diabetics
Reduces blood sugar, increased insulin sensitivity, decreases insulin resistance, may reduce triglycerides and LDL
Normal A1C values
<=6.6
3 clinical manifestations of diabetes
Fatigue, recurrent infections, prolonged wound healing, visual acuity changes, neuropathy in feet
A recommended fast acting carbohydrate to treat hypoglycemia
Glucose tablets, lifesavers, juice box (diabetics should carry one with then at all times)
Microvascular changes to the retina
Diabetic retinopathy
Plate method for educating about diet
½ filled with veggies, ¼ with protein, ¼ with starch
When is prediabetes diagnosed?
Fasting plasma glucose 6.1 – 6.9 and / or A1C 6.0 -6.5
3 signs of hyperglycemia
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, blurred vision, headache
The age at which you should start screening for type 2 diabetes
40 (recommend screening every 3 years)
Two common macrovascular changes
Cerebrovascular, cardiovascular or peripheral vascular disease, altered lipid metabolism
The rise in blood glucose after consuming carb containing foods
Glycemic index
Normal 2 hour plasma fasting glucose value
<11
3 signs of hypoglycemia
Feel shaky, anxious, confusion, irritability, sweaty / clammy, fatigue, headache
What are the 5 A’s approach to behavioural change
Assess, advise, agree, assist and arrange
When you have insulin resistance, hypertension, increased LDL and decreased HDL
Metabolic syndrome
3 defects that oral hypoglycemics work to correct in diabetics
Insulin resistance, decreased insulin production, increased liver glucose production
How much higher(%) are plasma blood samples than capillary?
10 – 12% higher