Introduction to Stem cells
Plants
C. elegans
Planaria
Drosophila
Techniques
Experimental Planning & Data analysis
100
Long-term self-renewal, unspecialized cell type, generates multiple differentiated cell types
What are the unique properties of stem cells?
100
Two populations of adult stem cells?
What are the shoot and root apical meristems?
100
The organ outlined in red.
What is the gonad?
100
Neoblasts
What are stem cells in Planaria?
100
Ovary, testis, intestine
What are tissues supported by adult stem cells?
100
This technique allows visual detection of cells in S-phase.
What is BrdU/EdU labeling?
100
A group in an experiment that receives a treatment known to produce results.
What is a positive control?
200
The embryonic stage from which embryonic stem cells arise.
What is the blastocyst?
200
Two populations of adult stem cells?
What are the shoot and root apical meristems?
200
In the gonad, self-renewal is to differentiation as ____ is to ___.
What is mitosis and meiosis?
200
Large nucleus and little cytoplasm
What are two cellular features of neoblasts?
200
In the germarium, the cells shown in yellow are a component of the stem cell niche in the ovary.
What are cap cells?
200
Using antibodies to visualize proteins within cells and tissues.
What is immunofluorescence?
200
A group in an experiment that uses a treatment expected to not produce any results.
What is a negative control?
300
The cells outlined in red.
What is the inner cell mass?
300
SAM stem cells are located in the _____.
What is the central zone?
300
Mitotic zone
What is the location of GSCs?
300
Neoblasts are more sensitive to radiation because they are _____.
What is mitotic?
300
The developmental potential of GSCs.
What is unipotent?
300
Amplifying cDNA to measure gene expression.
What is RT-PCR?
300
Non-numerical data that describes a result.
What is qualitative?
400
Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc
What are the Yamanaka factors?
400
Organizing center and Quiescent Center
What are stem cell niches in plants?
400
Distal Tip Cell
What is the stem cell niche?
400
The picture below demonstrates what property of Planaria?
What is the ability to regenerate?
400
Enteroblasts, daughters of intestinal stem cells, generate ____ and ____.
What are enteroendocrine cells and enterocytes.
400
Introducing genes not normally expressed into cells.
What is transduction?
400
Data whose value is measured in the form of numbers or counts.
What is quantitative?
500
A measure of how many cell types a stem cell can generate?
What is developmental potential?
500
Stele initials, endodermis initials, lateral root cap initials, columella initials
What are stem cells in the RAM?
500
_____ signaling is important for stem cell maintenance.
What is notch?
500
The type of study conducted that showed neoblasts support survival and regeneration.
What is transplantation?
500
The fully differentiated cell type generated by GSCs in the testis.
What are sperm?
500
Grouping different cell types together based on labeling specific proteins with fluorescent antibodies.
What is FACS or Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting?
500
Minimum number of times an experiment needs to be completed in order to do statistics.
What is three?
600
Stem cells that can generate cell types from more than one germ layer.
What is pluripotent?
600
WUS only becomes active in the correct cell because of _____.
What is post-translational modification?
600
Active Notch signaling ____ mitosis and _____ differentiation.
What is promotes and suppresses?
600
The percentage of mitotically active cells in adults.
What is 25-30%?
600
The fully differentiated cell type generated by GSCs in the ovary.
What are oocytes?
600
A technique used to visualizing RNA in in tissues.
What is in situ hybridization?
600
The number of units (cells, organisms, etc) in a population to be studied.
What is sample size?
700
Stem cells that can generate cell types from one germ layer.
What is multipotent?
700
WUS and WOX5 are ____ in the signaling pathways important for stem cell maintenance.
What are ligands?
700
This feature makes the Notch ligand special.
What is being membrane-bound?
700
The region along the anterior-posterior axis where neoblasts do not reside.
What is the anterior?
700
Two physiological factors that affect ovarian GSCs.
What are age and nutrition?
700
Labeling a cell and all of its progeny.
What is lineage tracing?
800
Three types of stem cells based on their origin?
What are embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and adult stem cells?
800
WUS and WOX5 move through _____ to signal to nearby cells.
What are plasmodesmata?
800
The range of GSC number.
What is 50-75?
800
Smedwi-2,3, Smed-bruli, Dj-pumillo, Spol-tud-1, Smed-SmB, Smedinx-11, Djmot
What are genes required for neoblast maintenance?