Shaping
The process of reinforcing behaviors that more closely resemble the end goal.
Shaping
Breaking down a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units.
Task Analysis
What can a patient exchange tokens for?
Back-up reinforcers or more powerful reinforcers
Preference assessments are necessary to _______ ___ _________ that may work for each child that we see.
The ability of a child to demonstrate previously acquired skills over time and over durations in which the reinforcement schedule has been thinned below the level at which the skill was taught in the first place.
Maintenance
What is one of the common aspects of behavior that could be addressed through shaping?
Possible responses:
Topography, Amount, Latency, Intensity
(No Stealing) True or False
A task analysis is a set of steps that is used for all kids that need to learn that skill with no allowed changes in those steps.
False
Who may ask you to assist with an assessment?
Your supervisor or BCBA
How quickly can the effectiveness of reinforcement vary?
day-to-day, minute-by-minute, at any time!
Which type of generalization is this?
You have taught a child to identify a dog using a toy dog in the shape of a golden retriever.
Now you have been directed to use other breeds of dogs as examples of dogs including pictures of dogs.
Generalization Across Stimuli
When considering shaping, when should we select the terminal behavior?
FIRST!
Name the chaining type:
When teaching a patient to tie shoes, you complete the steps from the beginning and help them to complete the last step to pull the knot tight.
Backward Chaining
Why do we use assessments?
To identify and define targets for behavior change.
Which preference assessment involves:
Giving choices between many items at a time
Letting them keep the item they chose
Giving them the next choice with new items and the one they chose
Multiple Stimulus With Replacement
What is it called when someone uses the same skill with other people, in different settings, or with different stimuli?
Generalization
Name a behavior that we could reinforce between the initial behavior and the final behavior:
Initial behavior: Can say the sound 'sssss'
Final behavior: Say the word 'sad'
Something along the line of saying 'sa'
Name the chaining type:
You are teaching your patient to put on their jacket. You help them complete the first task of picking up their jacket then you complete the rest of the steps on your own.
Forward Chaining
Name something that could be used as a token?
Tokens, points, stickers, etc.
Which preference assessment can we use every day?
Asking about stimulus preferences.
What type of generalization is this?
You have been working with your patient to allow you to clip their nails.
Your patient now allows their parents to clip their names as well.
Generalization Across People
Name a behavior that we could reinforce between the initial behavior and the final behavior:
Initial behavior: Yells for attention
Final behavior: Tap on shoulder for attention
Many possible options
Examples: looking at you, walking towards you, holding their hand out to you, placing their hand on your shoulder, etc.
Name the chaining type:
You are teaching your patient to wash their hands. You give them the amount of prompting needed on each step to help them complete the entire task.
Total Task Chaining
Name one assessment that we use.
Possible answers:
VB-MAPP, Vineland III, PDDBI, ABLLS-R, AFLS
Which preference assessment involves:
Putting many items in a room then observing that child with those items for a specified amount of time. During this time, you keep track of how long they interact with each item they engage with.
Free Operant Observation
Bonus 100 points!
First team that tells me which type of free operant observation this is.
Which type of generalization is this?
You have been working with your patient to use the toilet at home.
Your patient then uses the toilet at school, at the store, at the park, etc.
Generalization Across Settings