Entropy
Entropy
Measure of disorder of randomness of particles in a system
The study of heat changes the occur with chemical reactions and phases changes
Thermochemistry
The heat content of a system
Enthalpy
Heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance a certain amount
Specific Heat
Gibbs Free Energy
Looks at reactions under constant temperature and pressure and determines the amount of energy available to do work.
Predicting Entropy
Gas over aqueous over liquid over solid
Energy of Universe
System + Surroundings
Exothermic
Negative ∆H
Specific heat of water in calories
1 calorie
∆G Positive
Nonspontaneous
Spontaneous Process
A physical or chemical change that occurs without intervention
Calorimetry
Positive ∆H
Endothermic
Specific heat of water in joules per gram
4.186
∆G Negative
Spontaneous
Law of Disorder
A spontaneous reaction always proceeds so that entropy of the universe increases
m
Mass of water plus solid
Feels warm
Exothermic
Q in equation
Heat added
∆G 0
Reaction in equilibrium
Entropy Formula
System=Products minus reactants
q
Feels Cold
Endothermic
Q=mc∆T
Specific heat equation
Gibbs free energy Equation
∆G=∆H-T∆S