History
Created federal District courts and circuit courts of appeals.
The Judiciary Act (1789)
What are the 3 levels of the federal court systems?
The District Courts, Appeals Courts, the Supreme Court.
What is the number assigned to North Carolina for Courts of Appeals and U.S. District Court circuit?
4
Sending a case back to the lower court, to be retired, is referred to as reversing the decision or...
Remanding
The U.S. Supreme court case that added Judicial Review, the ability to review any federal, state, or local law or action to ensure it is indeed constitutional, to the federal courts.
Marbury v. Madison (1803).
Only the federal courts may hear and decide cases; federal laws.
Exclusive Jurisdiction
The Federal courts, in which trials are held, and lawsuits are begun.
District Courts
The opinion that presents the view of the majority of the court.
Majority Opinion.
U.S. Supreme Court case that denied blacks, whether free or slave, cannot be U.S. citizens.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
Crimes that involve the violation of both state and federal laws. Citizens of a different state when the dispute is at least $500,000.
Concurrent Jurisdiction
District Courts have this authority to hear cases for the first time.
Original Jurisdiction
If there is no opposition to the decision and reasoning, then the decision is called an...
Unanimous Opinion
U.S. Supreme Court case that declared that segregated facilities for blacks and whites are constitutional.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Opinions offer guidance to other judges by which to base their decisions in similar cases.
Legal precedent
The decision of the court of appeals are referred to as.
Opinion.
If a justice agrees with the court's decision, however, has different reasoning for it, they write a...
Concurring opinion.
U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down laws restricting abortion.
Roe v. Wade (1973).
This court has 9 justices, appointed by the president, and serves a life long term.
The U.S. Supreme Court
The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in these 2 instances.
1. Cases that involve diplomats from foreign countries. 2. In cases between states.
If a justice disagrees with the majority decision, they can--and other justices can sign on to--a...
Dissenting Opinion.