Vocabulary
An organism that can make its own food using non-living sources of energy.
Producer
This forms the bulk of the food source in an ecosystem.
Producer
What does the "sym-" in symbiosis mean?
sym = together
Which of the following explains why water is a limiting factor?
A. It helps regulate body temperature of the organism
B. It has a high specific heat capacity
C. It is needed for cellular respiration
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Top-level predators such as wolves and lions are categorized in the highest trophic levels in their food webs. Where does the energy they consume originate?
Ⓐ the Sun
Ⓑ producers
Ⓒ their prey
Ⓓ primary consumers
Ⓐ the Sun
An organism that only eats other animals
All of the energy in an ecosystem comes from this source.
The Sun
A. predatism
B. mutualism
C. commensalism
D. parasitism
D. parasitism
What is it called when more than one organism is trying to obtain the same limited resources within in an ecosystem?
Competition
What will most likely happen to the organisms that are a part of a food web without decomposers?
Ⓐ The populations of prey will increase.
Ⓑ Consumers will have to expand their feeding relationships.
Ⓒ The organisms will eventually die out because matter will not be recycled.
Ⓓ There will be an increase in mutualistic relationships among the organisms
Ⓒ The organisms will eventually die out because matter will not be recycled.
herbivore
Name and explain three (3) types of consumers.
1. Primary Consumers - eat producers for food
2. Secondary Consumers - eat primary consumers for food
3. Tertiary Consumers - eat secondary consumers for food
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between hibiscus flowers and bumblebees that eat hibiscus nectar and transfer the pollen of the hibiscus flower?
Ⓐ parasitism: bumblebees harm the host hibiscus flowers by removing pollen
Ⓑ commensalism: bumblebees live off the nectar, but the hibiscus flowers do not benefit
Ⓒ predation: bumblebees feed on hibiscus flowers' nectar which causes the hibiscus flowers to die
Ⓓ mutualism: bumblebees pollinate hibiscus flowers and hibiscus flowers provide food for bumblebees
Ⓓ mutualism: bumblebees pollinate hibiscus flowers and hibiscus flowers provide food for bumblebees
1. Define non-native species
2. What is another name for them?
3. What is so significant about them?
1. Organisms that do not naturally belong to the ecosystem and have been brought by accident or purposefully
2. Invasive Species
3. They compete with the native species for limited resources and usually are more successful because they have more adaptations.
Manatees are endangered marine mammals native to Florida. They eat seagrass that grows in the water, migrate from summer habitats to winter habitats, and look for safe areas to feed and raise their young. People in boats need to give space to manatees to protect them from harm. What might conservationists do to protect manatee populations?
Ⓐ increase the number of boats
Ⓑ increase the local fish population
Ⓒ increase the oxygen available in the water
Ⓓ increase the amount of protected habitat available
Ⓓ increase the amount of protected habitat available
Define secondary consumer
An organism that needs to consume primary consumers in order to gain food/energy
to recycle nutrients from dead organisms back into the ecosystem
Which of the following is NOT a type of symbiosis?
A. predation
B. commensalism
C. parasitism
D. competition
E. Both A & D
E. Both A & D
Both predation AND competition are NOT forms of mutualism.
~ In predation one of the organisms die
~ In competition the organisms cannot live together because they are competing for resources in the environment (they literally cannot live together)
List five (5) things that would be considered limiting factors.
~ Water
~ Shelter/space
~ Food
~ Disease/parasites
~ Predators
~ Natural disasters
~ Sunlight/temperature
~ Ability to adapt
On a graph, we see that there was a plentiful amount of a native species (species A). Then the graph shows as the non-native species (species B) was introduced to the environment, the native species decreased and the non-native species increased.
What is the most likely explanation for the changes to the populations of species A and species B?
Ⓐ Species A is a native species that preys on species B.
Ⓑ Species B is an invasive species that altered the balance of the ecosystem shown.
Ⓒ Species A is an invasive species that cannot compete with the native species in the habitat.
Ⓓ Species B is a native species that is able to adapt to a sudden climate change while species A cannot.
Ⓑ Species B is an invasive species that altered the balance of the ecosystem shown.
What might a food web model help scientists to understand?
Ⓐ the process of energy transfer in a food web
Ⓑ the relationships of producers in an ecosystem
Ⓒ how the populations change within an ecosystem
Ⓓ how the introduction of a new species changes the food web
Ⓐ the process of energy transfer in a food web
Food chains from four different habitats are shown below.
Pacific Ocean: kelp → sea urchin → squid → shark
Everglades: mosquito → river lily → catfish → turtle → bacteria
Amazon: monkey brush → iguana → anaconda → bacteria
Prairie: grass → mouse → hawk → vulture
Which food chain correctly represents a pattern of energy transfer from producer to consumers to decomposer?
Ⓐ Pacific ocean food chain
Ⓑ Everglades food chain
Ⓒ Amazon food chain
Ⓓ Prairie food chain
Ⓒ Amazon food chain
Eagles are birds that sometimes fly high in the sky and posses a mean eye scanning the hilltops and rock surfaces. Many small rodents live among the cracks in these rock surfaces and use the tiny spaces to hide. The eagles capture and eat the rodents. Which of the following relationships is the least similar to the relationship between the eagle and the rodent?
Ⓐ an anteater trailing for ants
Ⓑ a jackal following a tiger
Ⓒ an insect eating another insect
Ⓓ a fox hunting a rabbit
Ⓑ a jackal following a tiger
The Burmese python is a non-native species to Florida. As people have illegally released these snakes into the Florida Everglades, scientists have noted that these pythons have become an increased threat to the native species. In recent years, the Florida government has allowed the hunting of Burmese pythons in the Everglades. What is the most likely reason this policy was put into action?
Ⓐ to reduce the harmful impacts of Burmese pythons on the Everglades ecosystem
Ⓑ to dispose of Burmese python eggs that are hiding within the Everglades ecosystem
Ⓒ to prevent people from illegally releasing Burmese pythons into the Everglades ecosystem
Ⓓ to help the native species have more access to limiting factors in the Everglades ecosystem
Ⓓ to help the native species have more access to limiting factors in the Everglades ecosystem
In 1906, there was a small population of deer on the Kaibab Plateau. Because cows had overgrazed the food on the Kaibab Plateau, the Forest Service decided to create a preserve on the Kaibab Plateau for the deer. In the preserve, the cows and the natural predators of the deer were removed. In 1920, the Forest Service discovered that the number of deer in the preserve was very large. By 1923, most of the deer were starving from a lack of food. Which statement best describes what happened on the Kaibab Plateau between 1906 and 1923?
Ⓐ Overgrazing by cows caused the deer on the Kaibab Plateau to starve.
Ⓑ The large growth and starvation of the deer population was an event of natural selection.
Ⓒ With no natural predators to regulate the population, the deer population continued to grow.
Ⓓ The growth of the deer population was slower than the growth of the food supply on the Plateau, causing starvation.
Ⓒ With no natural predators to regulate the population, the deer population continued to grow.