Black-box Test Techniques
Which of the following statements BEST describes how test cases are derived from a use case?
a) Test cases are created to exercise defined basic, exceptional and error behaviors performed by the system under test in collaboration with actors
b) Test cases are derived by identifying the components included in the use case and creating integration tests that exercise the interactions of these components
c) Test cases are generated by analyzing the interactions of the actors with the system to ensure the user interfaces are easy to use
d) Test cases are derived to exercise each of the decision points in the business process flows of the use case, to achieve 100% decision coverage of these flows
a) Test cases are created to exercise defined basic, exceptional and error behaviors performed by the system under test in collaboration with actors
Which of the following statements about use case testing are True?
1. A use case actor may be a business user; a use case subject is the system.
2. Error messages are tested in the main behavioural flow of the use case.
3. Interactions may be represented by activity diagrams.
4. Coverage cannot be measured for use case testing.
5. Interactions may change the state of the subject.
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 1, 4 and 5
c) 2, 3 and 4
d) 1, 3 and 5
d) 1, 3 and 5
Which of the following best describes the behaviors defined in a use case that should be covered by tests?
a) Positive path and negative path
b) Basic, exception and error
c) Normal, error, data, and integration
d) Control flow, data flow and decision paths
b) Basic, exception and error
The test strategy that involves understanding the program structure is:
a) Equivalence partitioning
b) White box testing
c) Black box testing
d) Boundary strategy
b) White box testing
Which of the following is an extension of equivalence partitioning?
a) Decision tables
b) Decision testing
c) Boundary value analysis
d) State transition testing
c) Boundary value analysis
Assume postal rates for light letters are:
$0.25 up to 10 grams.
$0.35 up to 50 grams.
$0.45 up to 75 grams.
$0.55 up to 100 grams.
Which test inputs (in grams) could be selected using equivalence partitioning?
a) 0, 9, 10, 49, 50, 74, 75, 99, 100
b) 5, 35, 65, 95, 115
c) 0, 1, 10, 11, 50, 51, 75, 76, 100, 101
d) 5, 25, 35, 45, 55
b) 5, 35, 65, 95, 115
An employee’s bonus is to be calculated. It cannot be negative, but it can be calculated down to zero. The bonus is based on the length of employment:
- less than or equal to 2 years
- more than 2 years but less than 5 years
- 5 to 10 years inclusively
- longer than 10 years
What is the minimum number of test cases required to cover all valid equivalence partitions for calculating the bonus?
a) 3
b) 5
c) 2
d) 4
d) 4
If the temperature falls below 18 degrees, the heating is switched on. When the temperature reaches 21 degrees, the heating is switched off. What is the minimum set of test input values to cover all valid equivalence partitions?
a) 15, 19 and 25 degrees
b) 17, 18, 20 and 21 degrees
c) 18, 20 and 22 degrees
d) 16 and 26 degrees
a) 15, 19 and 25 degrees
What's the disadvantage of Black Box Testing
a) Chances of having repetition of tests that are already done by programmer
b) The test inputs needs to be from large sample space
c) It is difficult to identify all possible inputs in limited testing time. So writing test cases is slow and difficult
d) All above
d) All above
What is checklist-based testing?
a) A test technique in which tests are derived based on the tester's knowledge of past faults, or general knowledge of failures
b) A test technique based on an analysis of the specification of a component or system
c) An experience-based test technique whereby the experienced tester uses a list of items to be noted, checked, or remembered, or a set of rules or criteria against which a product must be verified
d) An approach to testing where the testers dynamically design and execute tests based on their knowledge, exploration of the test item and the results of previous tests
c) An experience-based test technique whereby the experienced tester uses a list of items to be noted, checked, or remembered, or a set of rules or criteria against which a product must be verified
Which of the following BEST matches the descriptions with the different categories of test techniques?
1. Test cases are based on test basis which may include the requirements, use cases and user stories
2. Test cases are based on the test basis which may include the software architecture or code
3. Test cases can show deviations from the requirements
4. These test techniques are applicable to both functional and non-functional testing
5. Tests are based on knowledge of developers, users, and other stakeholders
Black - Black-box test techniques
White - White-box test techniques
Experience - Experience-based test techniques
a) Black - 1,2; White - 3,4; Experience - 5
b) Black - 2,3; White - 1,5; Experience - 4
c) Black - 2,3; White - 1; Experience - 4,5
d) Black - 1,3,4; White - 2; Experience - 5
d) Black - 1,3,4; White - 2; Experience - 5
A speed control and reporting system has the following characteristics:
- If you drive 50 km/h or less, nothing will happen.
- If you drive faster than 50 km/h, but no more than 55 km/h, you will be warned.
- If you drive faster than 55 km/h but not more than 60 km/h, you will be fined.
- If you drive faster than 60 km/h, your driving license will be suspended.
- The speed in km/h is available to the system as an integer value.
Which would be the most likely set of values (km/h) identified by applying the boundary value analysis, where only the values on the boundaries of the equivalence classes are selected?
a) 0, 49, 50, 54, 59, 60
b) 50, 55, 60
c) 49, 50, 54, 55, 60, 62
d) 50, 51, 55, 56, 60, 61
d) 50, 51, 55, 56, 60, 61
A test score indicator for students produces a performance score based on a combination of the number of consecutive hours studied (below 4 hours, 4 to 8 hours, 9 to 12 hours or above 12 hours) and average intensity of focuses on the material during the study time (low, medium, or high)
T1. Hours: 3. Intensity: low; score: 55
T2. Hours: 14. Intensity: high; score: 95
T3. Hours: 9. Intensity: low; score: 75
What is the minimum number of additional test cases that are needed to ensure full coverage of all valid INPUT equivalence partitions?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
a) 1
Data missing:
1. 4 to 8 hours
2. Average intensity: medium
So we need only one test case T4. Hours: 5. Intensity: medium
How do experience-based test techniques differ from black-box test techniques?
a) They depend on the tester’s understanding of the way the system is structured rather than on a documented record of what the system should do
b) They depend on an individual’s domain knowledge and expertise rather than on a documented record of what the system should do
c) They depend on a documented record of what the system should do rather than on an individual’s personal view
d) They depend on having older testers rather than younger testers
b) They depend on an individual’s domain knowledge and expertise rather than on a documented record of what the system should do
Exclusive use of white box testing in a test-phase will:
a) Ensure the test item is adequately tested
b) Make the need for black-box testing redundant
c) Run the risk that the requirements are not satisfied
d) Suffices for the unit testing phase
c) Run the risk that the requirements are not satisfied
A fitness app measures the number of steps that are walked each day and provides feedback to encourage the user to keep fit.
The feedback for different numbers of steps should be:
Up to 1000 - Couch Potato!
Above 1000, up to 2000 - Lazy Bones!
Above 2000, up to 4000 - Getting There!
Above 4000, up to 6000 - Not Bad!
Above 6000 - Way to Go!
Which of the following sets of test inputs would achieve the BEST equivalence partition coverage?
a) 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000
b) 1000, 2001, 4000, 4001, 6000
c) 123, 2345, 3456, 4567, 5678
d) 666, 999, 2223, 5553, 6666
d) 666, 999, 2223, 5553, 6666
You are testing an e-commerce system that sells cooking supplies such as spices, flour, and other items in bulk. The units in which the items are sold are either grams (for spices and other expensive items) or kilograms (for flour and other inexpensive items). Regardless of the units, the smallest valid order amount is 0.5 units (e.g., half a gram of cardamom pods) and the largest valid order amount is 25.0 units (e.g., 25 kilograms of sugar). The precision of the units field is 0.1 units.
Which of the following is a set of input values that cover the boundary values with two-point boundary values for this field?
a) 0.3, 10.0, 28.0
b) 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 24,9,25,0, 25.1
c) 0.4, 0.5, 25.0 25.1
d) 0.5, 0.6, 24.9, 25.0
c) 0.4, 0.5, 25.0 25.1
A video application has the following requirement: The application shall allow playing a video on the following display resolution:
1. 640x480
2. 1280x720
3. 1600x1200
4. 1920x1080
Which of the following list of test cases is a result of applying the equivalence partitioning test technique to test this requirement?
a) Verify that the application can play a video on a display of size 1920x1080 (1 test case)
b) Verify that the application can play a video on a display of size 640x480 and 1920x1080 (2 test cases)
c) Verify that the application can play a video on each of the display sizes in the requirement (4 test cases)
d) Verify that the application can play a video on any one of the display sizes in the requirement (1 test case)
c) Verify that the application can play a video on each of the display sizes in the requirement (4 test cases)
Prior to an iteration planning session, you are studying a user story and its acceptance criteria, deriving test conditions and associated test cases from the user story as a way of applying the principle of early QA and test. What test technique are you applying?
a) White-box
b) Black-box
c) Experience-based
d) Error guessing
b) Black-box
I. We use explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested to select the test data.
II. Uses specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs and assumes that the tester knows the path of logic in a unit or a program.
III. Checking for the performance of the application
IV. Also checks for functionality
a) I, II are true and III, IV are false
b) III is true and I, II, IV are false
c) II, III is true and I, IV is false
d) III and IV are true and I, II are false
a) I, II are true and III, IV are false
You are testing an unattended gasoline pump that only accepts credit cards. Once the credit card is validated, the pump nozzle placed into the tank, and the desired grade selected, the customer enters the desired amount of fuel in gallons using the keypad. The keypad only allows the entry of digits. Fuel is sold in tenths (0.1) of a gallon, up to 50.0 gallons.
Which of the following is a minimum set of desired amounts that covers the equivalence partitions for this input?
a) 0.0, 20.0, 60.0
b) 0.0, 0.1, 50.0
c) 0.0, 0.1, 50.0, 70.0
d) -0.1, 0.0, 0.1, 49.9, 50.0, 50.1
a) 0.0, 20.0, 60.0
class grade application for instructors assigns letter grades based on students' numerical grades.
The letter grades for different numerical grades should be:
Above 89, up to 100 - A
Above 79, up to 89 - B
Above 69, up to 79 - C
Above 59, up to 69 - D
Below 60 - F
Which of the following sets of test inputs would achieve the relatively highest equivalence partition coverage?
a) 0, 58, 59, 70, 80
b) 69, 79, 80, 89, 90
c) 74, 79, 84, 85, 89
d) 79, 89, 90, 99, 100
b) 69, 79, 80, 89, 90
A smart home app measures the average temperature in the house over the previous week and provides feedback to the occupants on their environmental friendliness based on this temperature.
The feedback for different average temperature ranges (to the nearest °C) should be:
Up to 10°C - Icy Cool!
11°C to 15°C - Chilled Out!
16°C to 19°C - Cool Man!
20°C to 22°C - Too Warm!
Above 22°C - Hot & Sweaty!
Using BVA (only Min- and Max values), which of the following sets of test inputs provides the highest level of boundary coverage?
a) 0°C, 11°C, 20°C, 22°C, 23°C
b) 9°C, 15°C, 19°C, 23°C, 100°C
c) 10°C, 16°C, 19°C, 22°C, 23°C
d) 14°C, 15°C, 18°C, 19°C, 21°C, 22°C
c) 10°C, 16°C, 19°C, 22°C, 23°C
The following statements are used to describe the basis for creating test cases using either black or white box techniques:
I. Information about how the software is constructed.
II. Models of the system, software or components.
III. Analysis of the test basis documentation.
IV. Analysis of the internal structure of the components.
Which combination of the statements describes the basis for black box techniques?
a) II and III
b) II and IV
c) I and IV
d) I and III
a) II and III
Pair the correct test design techniques with the category of techniques:
I. Exploratory Testing
II. Equivalence Partitioning
III. Error Guessing
IV. Use Case Testing
V. Decision coverage
VI. State Transition
VII. Checklist-based Testing
VIII. Statement coverage
IX. Decision Table
X. Boundary value analysis
A. Specification-based
B. Structure-based
C. Experienced-based
a) A - II, IV, VI, VIII, X ; B - V, IX; C - I, III, VII
b) A - II, IV, V, VI, IX, X ; B - V, VIII; C - I, III, VII
c) A - II, IV, VI, IX, X ; B - V, VIII; C - I, III, VII
d) A - II, IV, VI, VII, IX, X ; B - V, VIII; C - I, III
c) A - II, IV, VI, IX, X ; B - V, VIII; C - I, III, VII