MOA
what is the horomone histamine mainly related to
alleries
sympathomimetics (phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine) are only effective to treat what?
nasal congestion
what should a nurse assess first for a patient taking a decongestant?
HR and BP before admin
what do you educate a patient on when taking diphenhydramine?
avoid activities requiring alertness (driving), take w food, hydrate adequately
what drug can cause extreme drowsiness/sedation?
diphenhydramine
what 3 things cause the release of histamine?
allergic reactions, drugs/chemicals, tissue injury
how long does it take for the max effect of intranasal gluticocorticcoids to kick in?
2-3 weeks
what interventions might patients need when taking an antihistamine and why?
increased fluids, use humidifier. because they dry out mucous membranes
what should a nurse tell a patient taking intranasal glucorticciods (fluticasone and mometasone) to ensure adherence?
take 2-3 weeks for max response
what drugs cross the BBB to cause CNS effects?
H1 antagonists (1st gen more readily)
what does H1 blockers have minimal/no action on?
minimal on muscarinic receptors and none on H2
how is oxymetazoline administered?
inhaled (only decongestant inhaled)
what types of drugs should you tell a patient to avoid when taking diphenhydramine?
CNS depressants
what should you tell a patient taking decongestants to report?
fast HR, difficulty breathing, seizures, & if sx last more than a week
adverse effects of fluticasone and mometasone (inhaled gluccocorticoids)
dry nasal mucosa (burning/irritation), epistaxis, headache
what is the method of action of an antihistamine?
selectively binds to H1 receptors to block their actions
what are the intranasal antihistamines and their theraputic effects?
azelastine and olopatadine; allergic rhinitis
what patients should NOT take decongestants?
HTN and severe coronary artery disease
what should you warn a patient about when taking oxymetazoline?
rebound congestion!
what drug(s) can cause severe dry nose and nosebleeds?
intranasal antihistamines: azelastine & olopatadine
what is the method of action for decongestants?
(mimics sympathetic response)
activates alpha 1 receptors in nasal mucosa, causing vasoconstriction
what is the MAIN therapeutic effect of promethazine (first gen H1 blocker)
motion sickness and nausea
what meds should you avoid for a patient taking an antihistamine?
MAO inhibitors and anticholinergic meds
what is most important to tell a patient who is taking decongestant to ensure medication adherence?
do NOT take more than reccomended dose, MAX 3 days. take at least 2 hours before bedtime to minimize insomnia
what are adverse effects of oral decongestants (phenylphrine, pseudoephedrine)
systemic vasocontriction! (HTN); also restless, insomnia, anxiety