The New Imperialism
What is direct rule?
sending own officials and soldiers to govern
Why was the Balkan region referred to as the "powder keg" of Europe?
occupied by many different ethnicities and religious groups (volatility could easily lead to violence)
List five key characteristics of fascism.
single-party govt., secret police and military, cult of personality, school and youth groups, censorship of media
List the three major causes of the Cold War.
underlying conflict between democracy and communism (proxy wars), Stalin breaks his promise to allow democratic elections in Eastern Europe, Berlin Airlift
Explain the domino theory.
US concern that if Vietnam falls to Communism then other countries in the region will also fall to Communism
List three main reasons why the Renaissance developed in Europe.
new ways of thinking, spirit of adventure, humanism
What is a sphere of influence? In what country did colonizers try to establish a sphere of influence?
demand exclusive trade rights within a nation; China
What were the MAIN causes as well as the spark that led to World War I?
militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism; the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist
Describe the fighting in the Pacific theater.
aircraft carriers launched fighter jets, island-hopping
What was the Marshall Plan?
US financial aid plan to help European nations rebuild after WW2 (Western Europe accepts, Eastern Europe refuses)
Explain why the Vietnam War became unpopular in the US.
Americans watched violent footage on the news, disapproved of the brutality of the war, misrepresentation of the body count
List two new discoveries that were made during the Scientific Revolution.
answers will vary
What is indirect rule? What is another name for indirect rule? Who used indirect rule?
using local rulers and soldiers to govern in place of colonizers; protectorate; the British
Explain why each of the following countries entered World War I:
Austria-Hungary, Germany, France, England, US
assassination of Franz Ferdinand, honor alliance with Austria-Hungary, Alsace-Lorraine, violation of Belgium's neutrality, submarine warfare and Germany's attempt to form alliance with Mexico
What were three reasons why the Jewish were victims of persecution during World War II?
valued literacy and education, successful in business, Christian Germans resented taking loans and giving money to Jewish businesses during Depression
What was the Truman Doctrine? List two countries where this was practiced.
contain (stop the spread) of communism, not by directly attacking communist nations but by giving money and supplies to countries fighting communism; Greece and Turkey
What is the source of the conflict between Israel and Palestine? Who promised them the land? What compromise was attempted?
the land has religious significance to both sides; the British promised the land to both sides; the UN tried to divide the land between the two groups (WINK! WINK! HINT! HINT!)
List three religious groups that developed during the Protestant Reformation.
Lutherans-criticized the selling of indulgences;
Anglicans-Henry VIII created a new church so he could divorce his wife
Calvinists-strict living, pre-destination
Summarize what happened in the Belgian Congo. Give 4 details.
King Leopold II of Belgium wanted resources (rubber), claimed it as personal colony, tortured and murdered locals who fought back or did not work fast enough; had to relinquish it when media reported his abuses
What were the goals of Wilson's 14 Points? (list three) (list one that ended up in the Treaty of Versailles)
freedom of trade, freedom of the seas, peace without victory, (treaty-self-determination, demilitarization, League of Nations)
giving into the demands of an aggressor to keep the peace; believed Hitler just wanted territory lost under treaty, fatigue from WWI, needed time to remilitarize, focused on ending the Great Depression
Summarize the Korean War.
leaders in North and South wanted to control the entire peninsula, UN established Pusan Perimeter, push north, stalemate occurs around the 38th parallel
Summarize the conflicts and cycle of violence between the two sides.
Israel wins wars started by Palestinians (more skilled workforce, more advanced military), Palestinians are confined to the Gaza Strip and West Bank, Palestinians commit acts of terrorism (suicide bombings, 1972 Olympics, hijackings-Israel responds by sending soldiers into areas with Palestinian refugees (leads tp deaths of innocent people)
Explain why Great Britain was the ideal place to start the Industrial Revolution. List the positive and negative effects.
resource-rich, good location (surrounded by ocean and rivers), capital to build factories
positive-middle class, employment opportunities, mass production creates consumer culture
negative-pollution, poor working and living conditions, child labor, unequal pay for women
List the three main causes of the New Imperialism.
access to resources, political competition, desire to spread Christianity
What was the goal of Britain and France? What were three terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
punish Germany; Germany had to pay all war reparations, surrender African colonies, give up Alsace-Lorraine territory
Explain how the Allies divided Germany at the end of World War II.
Germany and Berlin were divided into four occupational zones controlled by the US, USSR, UK, and France
What were 4 reasons that the Soviet Union collapsed?
Gorbachev's relaxation of govt. restrictions (glasnost and perestroika), unpopularity of war in Afghanistan, stagnant economy (unmotivated workers, disorganized bureaucracy), growing demand for democracy in satellite nations
Summarize the Korean War in five steps.
North Korea (with support from Stalin) crosses the 38th Parallel; force South Korean military to Pusan; US and UN enter the war in support of South Korea; China supports North Korea; 1951-1953 stalemate; armistice occurs in 1953 after Stalin's death
Describe the art and writing of the Italian and Northern Renaissance.
art (Italy)- perspective, ideal realism, famous people
art (Northern) attention to small details, natural realism, everyday life
writing (Italy)-manners and skills, how to acquire political power
writing (Northern)-Shakespear, Erasmus
Describe the trade relationship between Britain and China before, during, and after the Opium War.
China enjoyed a trade surplus over the British, the British misrepresented the addictive nature of opium so they could sell it in China (people spend their money on opium), Britain and China went to war; Britain wins with more advanced technology, China is required to give up Hong Kong, five port cities, pay war reparations, give British extraterritoriality
List one detail for the following information about the D-Day invasion: preparation, problems, results.
preparation-fake army across from Calais
problems-bad weather, needed full moon for pathfinders and minesweepers
results-established position along coast by the end of the day; could transport men, weapons, and equipment
Define iron curtain. Satellite nations. Cold War.
divide between Western Europe (democracy) and Eastern Europe (communism); Eastern European communist govts. under the influence of the USSR; no direct fighting, the two sides fight by gathering intelligence and building technology
Explain the beliefs, goals, and actions of Mohandas Gandhi as well as problems that continue in India.
non-violence, independence from British rule, Salt March, religious and border conflicts
Summarize the positive and negative effects of Napoleon's leadership.
positive-Napoleon Code, industry, public education, appointment based on merit instead of nobility, re-established role of the Church, expanded rights of men
negative-did not protect women's rights, allowed slavery in the colonies (led to Haitian Revolution), abused power to become an emperor, his wars led to millions of deaths, created modern nationalism