ELECTRONICS
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF ELECTRONICS?
Electronics has branches as follows:
DEFINE PLC?
A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) is an industrial computer control system that continuously monitors the state of input devices and makes decisions based upon a custom program to control the state of output devices.
What is a microprocessor?
A microprocessor is a computer processor wherein the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit, or a small number of integrated circuits. The microprocessor contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry required to perform the functions of a computer's central processing unit.
How electronic Components are classified and explain in brief?
Electronic Components can be classified as passive, and active
WHAT ARE THE MAIN BLOCKS OF PLC?
Main Parts of PLC
PLC has mainly three parts,
1. CPU or Central Processing Unit
2. Input Module and Output Module
3. Programming device
Generally, microcontroller or microprocessor is used in Programmable Logic Controller and they are programmed by an external computer. After installing the appropriate program, PLC works.
PLC Working Procedure
Now, let's discuss each block of the Programmable Logic Control circuits which will help you to understand the working principle of PLC.
CPU(Central Processing Unit)
It is the main part of the PLC. It processes all the instructions required for working of the circuit. First, we store the program or instruction in memory. In the operation time, the CPU takes the commands from the input module and then process and ultimately gives the output to the output module.
Memory
It is a storage device which stores all data, programs, and instructions.
Programming Device
It is the device where the program or instruction is written and then using this device the program or instruction is stored to the PLC Memory. The programming device may be a computer, laptop, etc
Input and Output Module
The CPU or Microprocessor can work with 5V DC supply and it can deliver very small output current. But the input devices or sensor may not work with the same voltage that is 5V DC. So to interface real-world input devices and sensors with the microprocessor, the input module is used. Here the input module always gives 5V DC input signal to the CPU.
Another important point is that the microprocessor can work with only the digital signal but all the input devices or sensor may not produce a digital signal. In fact, most of the sensors create an analog signal. So another important function of the input module to convert the analog signal into a digital signal.
Microprocessor or CPU can deliver a very small amount of current(in few mA) at 5V DC as output. So we can not drive the loads directly with the microprocessor. Here the output Module solved this problem.
Power Supply
The power supply circuit provides the power supply to all devices such as CPU, Memory, Input module, and output module. Generally, the PLC works with up to 24V DC supply.
What are the Features of 8085 Microprocessor?
The Features of 8085 Microprocessor include :
1.It is an 8-bit microprocessor i.e. it can accept, process, or provide 8-bit data simultaneously.
2.It operates on a single +5V power supply connected at Vcc; power supply ground is connected to Vss.
3.It operates on clock cycle with 50% duty cycle.
4.It has on chip clock generator. This internal clock generator requires tuned circuit like LC, RC or crystal. The internal clock generator divides oscillator frequency by 2 and generates clock signal, which can be used for synchronizing external devices.
5.It can operate with a 3 MHz clock frequency. The 8085A-2 version can operate at the maximum frequency of 5 MHz.
6.It has 16 address lines, hence it can access (216) 64 Kbytes of memory.
What is a diode and write its applications?
A diode is a semiconductor device that essentially acts as a one-way switch for current. It allows current to flow easily in one direction, but severely restricts current from flowing in the opposite direction.
APPLICATIONS:
The application areas of diodes include communication systems as limiters, clippers, gates; computer systems as logic gates, clampers; power supply systems as rectifiers and inverters; television systems as phase detectors, limiters, clampers; radar circuits as gain control circuits, parameter amplifiers, etc.
What are the 5 PLC programming languages? which is mostly used and why?
The Ladder Diagram is by far the most popular PLC programing language . The main reason for this is that the Ladder Diagram language naturally followed the technology advancement from a physical relay logic to a digital and logical one.
What is the function of 8086 microprocessor and what are the Features of 8086 Microprocessor?
The function of 8086 microprocessor is to control operations on data using the instruction decoder & ALU. EU has no direct connection with system buses as shown in the above figure, it performs operations over data through BIU. Let us now discuss the functional parts of 8086 microprocessors.
Features of 8086 Microprocessor:
The features of 8086 Microprocessor are: 1) The 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor. The term “16-bit” means that its arithmetic logic unit, internal registers and most of its instructions are designed to work with 16-bit binary words. 2) The 8086 has a 16-bit data bus, so it can read data from or write data to memory and ports either 16 bits or 8 bits at a time. The 8088, however, has an 8-bit data bus, soil can only read data from or write data to memory and ports 8 bits at a time. 3) The 8086 has a 20-bit address bus, so it can directly access 220 or 10,48,576 (1Mb) memory locations. Each of the 10, 48, 576 memory locations is byte Therefore, a sixteen-bit words are stored in two consecutive memory locations. The 8088 also has a 20-bit address bus, so it can also address 220 or 10, 48, 576 memory locations. 4) The Features of 8086 Microprocessor can generate 16-bit I/O address, hence it can access 216 = 65536 I/O ports. 5) The 8086 provides fourteen 16-bit registers. 6) The 8086 has multiplexed address and data bus which reduces the number of pins needed, but does slow down the transfer of data (drawback). 7) The 8086 requires one phase clock with a 33% duty cycle to provide optimized internal timing