Origins & insertions
Triceps brachii long head
O: Caudal boarder of scapula
I: olecranon
Triceps
Radial
Biceps brachii
Extend shoulder & flex biceps
What causes the name change from Brachial to Median artery?
Common interosseous artery
What bony feature of the scapula do horses lack?
Acromion
Subscapularis
O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Supinator
Radial nerve
Anconeus
Extends elbow
Branches of subscapular artery
1. Subscapular
2. Thoracodorsal
3. Caudal circumflex humeral
Why do large animals lack a pronator and supinator?
Radius and ulna are fused
Anconeus
O: Lateral supracondylar crest, medial, and lateral epicondyle
I: Olecranon
Axillary nerve
Deltoideus, teres major, teres minor
Deep pectoral
Extends shoulder to pull trunk cranially (weight)
Flexes shoulder to pull limb caudally (no weight)
Innervation of tensor fasciae antebrachii
Radial nerve
Name the main metacarpal(s) for horses and cows
Horses: MCIII (cannon bone)
Cows: MCIII and MCIV (fused)
Lateral digital extensor
O: Lateral epicondyle
I: Proximal end of phalanges of digits III, IV, V
Median nerve
Flexor carpi radialis
Deep digital flexor (humeral & radial)
Superfical digital flexor
Pronators
Lateral Digital Extensor
Extend carpus and phalanges III, IV and V
Vein that connects Cephalic v. and Brachial v.
Median cubital v.
Separation of dermal and epidermal laminae
Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar and humeral heads)
Ulnar head O: Caudal border and medial surface of olecranon
Humeral head O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: accessory carpal bone
Accessory nerve
Brachiocephalicus
Omotransversarius
Trapezius
Sternocephalicus
Superficial Digital Flexor
Flexes carpals and digits II-V
Ulnar nerve innervations
Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar and humeral heads)
Deep digital flexor (ulnar head only)
- Proximal check ligament originates from SDF
-Distal check ligament originates from DDF
-Part of stay apparatus. Prevents hyper extension of fetlock and carpus