Chemistry
basic unit of matter
atom
A measure of a solution’s acidity or alkalinity, or its hydrogen ion concentration
pH
. A mixture of evenly distributed ingredients
solution
All the living or once living things on Earth and nonliving things with which they interact.
biosphere
A chemical substance that has a specific set of properties that cannot be broken down into substances with other properties
Element
A large molecule
macromolecule
An organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
The layers of gases surrounding Earth.
Atmosphere
The central core of any atom that contains protons and neutrons
nucleus
A polymer made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
carbohydrate
A macromolecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes phosphorous that does not dissolve in water.
lipid
All the water on and below the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere.
Hydrosphere
An organic compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon
hydrocarbon
A long chain of nucleotides that contains a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base, and directs protein production
nucleic acid
A cyclical process in which something is both an input and output in the same system.
Feedback loop
The removal of soil by water, wind, ice, or gravity.
Erosion
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements
compound
A combination of two or more atoms of the same or different types joined by a covalent bond
molecule
The hard rock on and just below the Earth’s surface.
Lithosphere
All of the rock at and below Earth’s surface.
Geosphere