The Solid Earth
What are the three most basic layers of the Earth?
Crust, mantle, core
The molten rock that sits below the earth’s surface is called?
Magma
What type of rock is a sandstone?
Sedimentary
What is a more technical name for a salt flat?
Evaporite Deposit
What are the two necessary factors that define metamorphism?
Temperature and Pressure
How old is the Earth?
~4.54-4.6 Ga
What is the name of the famous fault along California?
San Andreas Fault
What are the building blocks of rocks?
Minerals
Name one stratigraphic principle
-Law of Superposition
-Law of Original Horizontality
-Law of Cross-Cutting Relations
- Law of Lateral Continuity
Metamorphism of the rock adjacent to an igneous intrusion is called what?
Contact Metamorphism
What is the term for uplift of the crust after the removal or melting of heavy ice on top?
Isostatic or Post-glacial Rebound
Tectonic Plates are associated (included in) what physical layer of the Earth?
Lithosphere
What mineral ranks the highest on Mohs hardness scale, with a hardness of 10?
Diamond
Which crystalline formations are on cave ceilings: stalagmites or stalactites?
Stalactites
Name the term for a rock before it experiences metamorphism
Protolith
What is the name of the heat transport mechanism associated with the mantle?
Convection
What type of plate boundary is mostly found at ocean ridges?
Divergent plate boundaries
What is the name of the commonly-occurring mineral with the formula SiO2?
Quartz
What is the last step in the formation of a sedimentary rock?
Lithification
What is the term for the alignment of minerals in the same direction due to pressure?
Foliation
What is the correct description for the behavior in which the mantle flows?
Visco-Elastic Behavior
What is the term for a reverse fault that dips less than 45 degrees?
Thrust fault
Basalt is an extrusive rock. What is its intrusive form?
Gabbro
This type of lake was once a curve of a meandering river that was cut off from the water flow.
Oxbow Lake
What is the name of the metamorphic grade just above schistose?
Gneissose