Learning Target #1 Describe what the Enlightenment was and the historical context in which it took place.
French term for Enlightened Thinkers
Philosophes
Who said - "People are naturally selfish, nasty, cruel, evil, brutal....
Hobbes
French term for "absolute monarch."
Despot
Branch of government that commands the military.
Executive Branch
More people moving to cities = more places to socialize and discuss ideas.
- What is the term for more people moving to cities?
- From Learning Target #1
Urbanization
This institution dictated how people should live and think before the Enlightenment Period.
The Catholic Church
Favored the Free Market System - Example: Businesses allowed to compete against each other.
Adam Smith
POWER!!!
Judicial Branch
Hobbes believed this was the best form of government to control people.
- Learning Target #2
Whose claims did Enlightenment thinkers challenge during the Age of Reason?
Believed control was necessary, but should be minimal. Stressed the General Will - Community as a whole should be placed above individual interests.
Rousseau
Who Am I?
- "I am the first servant of the state!"
- Befriended Voltaire
- Limited freedom of speech
- Kept serfdom in Prussia
- Instituted a harsh social system directed by the nobility
Frederick the Great
The 1st Amendment of the U.S. Constitution comes from the ideas of this Enlightenment Thinker.
- Freedom of speech, religion, petition, to assemble, and press
Voltaire
These type of laws governed science (Newton and gravity) and Enlightened thinkers also thought these laws should be applied to how man should be governed.
Book production and literacy increased because of this 15th century invention.
Printing Press
People are born with THREE natural rights - Life, Liberty, and Property
Locke
Who Am I?
- Called for ending the death penalty
- Created a legislative commission of people from different economic and social groups
- Opened schools for girls
- Tried to help serfs, but felt support of the nobles was more important
- Put down a peasant revolt
Catherine the Great
This Congressional group has the power to impeach the President.
The Senate
Natural Law that regulates the Free Market.
- Learning Target #2
Supply and Demand
TWO places to socialize and discuss Enlightenment ideas, critique art, or listen to music from Mozart or Beethoven.
Coffeehouses and Salons
Education would allow women to participate equally with men.
Wollstonecraft
Who Am I?
- Abolished Serfdom
- Limited the power of the Catholic Church
- Established equality under the law
- Did not consult Nobles or church officials about reforms
- Most reforms undone by new emperors
Joseph II
President can veto laws that have been passed by Congress.
- What idea is this describing? Hint: Montesquieu developed this idea.
Checks and Balances
Separation of Powers
Power Checking Power
John Locke stressed that citizens/people have the right to revolt if the government can't protect these.
- Learning Target #2
Natural Rights - Life, Liberty, Property