Neurogenetics
What is another common name for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
Lou Gehrig’s disease
What type of brain scan tracks electrical activity and what is a primary use of this scan?
Electroencephalogram (EEG); tracking brain waves in sleep
Dopamine is often associated with happiness, but it also plays a role in the development of disease. Oversupply is linked with what illness?
Schizophrenia
What is the brain’s ability to change structures and functions based on experience called?
Plasticity
Which CNS structure which exerts primary control over sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
Hypothalamus
Which disorder is associated with disorder of the nerve, involving axon and/or myelin?
Neuropathy
What does the acronym PET stand for, and how does it measure neural activity?
Positron emission tomography; by tracking each region’s glucose consumption
What neurotransmitters are responsible for “runner’s high”? What drug are these neurotransmitters similar to?
Endorphins; morphine
The cortical regions with the most extended period of development are ___.
The frontal lobes
Predominantly a motor disorder caused by permanent, non-progressive damage to the developing brain
Cerebral palsy
True or False: The most frequently reported deaths of people with Huntington's Disease are due to the disease itself and not the symptoms, as the symptoms are generally mild.
False
Lesioning of the left-frontal lobe could potentially cause what effects? What region is affected?
Speech difficulty; Broca’s area
What is the difference between neurotransmitters and hormones effect and duration wise (pick 1)?
Hormones take longer to take effect (because of transport via bloodstream); hormone signals last longer
What is the period of development when axons are competing for synaptic sites at their targets?
Critical Period
A 56-year-old patient with diabetes accidentally self-administers too much insulin. How has glucose uptake in the brain been affected? (Increase or decrease)
Decrease glucose uptake
What modeling is used in cognitive neurogenetics to test neural mediation?
Multiple Mediation
In schizophrenic patients, what abnormality can MRI scans reveal?
Enlarged ventricles (fluid-filled areas)
Acetylcholine plays a major role in muscle movement and learning. What might botulism, an illness which inhibits acetylcholine release, cause?
Paralysis
What is an agent or factor that causes the malformation of an embryo?
Teratogen
Behavioral syndrome characterized by varying degrees of difficulty in social and conversational skills but normal-to-above-average intelligence and language development; often accompanied by obsessive preoccupation with particular topics or routines
Asperger’s syndrome
A massively elevated CK (creatine kinase) level is found in a 4-year-old boy with progressively worsening gross motor delay. This finding is typical for which neuromuscular disorder?
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Phrenology is an early diagnostic pseudoscience which studied what feature?
Bumps on the skull
Neurotransmitters cross what structure between neurons?
Synaptic cleft/gap
Which syndrome is characterized by an abnormally small head, indistinct philtrum, and a thin upper lip? (Hint: it is caused due to maternal habits during pregnancy)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Food contaminated with ___ can cause a person to develop meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain
Listeria