Endocrine
Levothyroxine is the treatment of choice for thyroid hormone deficiency
For most younger adults without cardiac disease, a weight-based replacement dose of levothyroxine is recommended.
What dose (µg/kg lean body weight) is recommended?
(1.6 µg/kg lean body weight)
What type of glomerulonephritis is associated with upper respiratory infections caused by streptococcal organisms, usually occurs 2 to 3 weeks after the resolution of the streptococcal infection.
Postinfectious glomerulonephritis
Name one of the First-line agents used to treat Tourette syndrome when the associated tics interfere with education, daily function, or work.
clonidine,
guanfacine,
topiramate, and
tetrabenazine.
Although a full replacement dose of levothyroxine can be administered to most patients with overt hypothyroidism, older adults (age 65 years and older) and patients with cardiovascular disease should be prescribed a lower initial dose due to the effects of thyroid hormone on myocardial oxygen demand.
The dose should be titrated based on TSH levels measured 6 to 8 weeks after any dose change.
What is the initial dose in (µg/day)?
(25-50 µg/day)
Recurrent gross hematuria, in which macroscopic hematuria occurs concomitantly or within days after an upper respiratory infection (synpharyngitic nephritis) or physical exertion, is a classic presentation of what kind of nephropathy?
usually follows a benign course.
IgA nephropathy
In patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, Carotid revascularization should be considered in patients at low risk for perioperative cardiovascular morbidity who have greater than what percentage stenosis only in the context of a clinical trial.
80%
According to previous studies, predictors of stroke with asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis include greater than 80% stenosis, asymptomatic infarcts on brain imaging, an abnormal transcranial Doppler ultrasound study, or rapid progression.
Glucocorticoids prescribed at doses above physiologic replacement for longer than how many weeks should be tapered when discontinued allowing recovery of the pituitary-adrenal axis;
If therapy has lasted less than this amount of weeks, no taper is required for pituitary-adrenal axis recovery.
3 weeks
is the most common childhood vasculitis and tends to appear after upper respiratory infections.
is rarer among adults.
Characteristic symptoms are abdominal pain and palpable purpura. Gastrointestinal ischemia may be severe enough to cause intestinal bleeding. Arthritis is common, other organ systems may be involved, and patients may present with glomerulonephritis.
IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura)
What kind of diet can reduce abdominal pain and bloating and improve stool consistency, frequency, and urgency in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome?
A low-FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, And Polyols)
What is indicated if a patient has:
hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and pulmonary edema refractory to medical therapy; uremic symptoms; uremic pericarditis; and certain drug intoxications.
Absolute indications for dialysis
is a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist that is FDA-approved for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in adults with chronic noncancer pain.
Oral naloxegol
Referral for kidney transplant evaluation is indicated when the estimated glomerular filtration rate is WHAT to allow for adequate time to identify suitable living donors or to be put on an early listing if no living donor is available.
<30 mL/min/1.73 m2