tibiahonest
An initial intervention for any acute fracture
Any fracture should be immobilized in position to avoid further injury to the soft tissue attached to the bones
Other than dairy products, what kinds of foods provide a good source of Calcium
canned sardines, salmon, tofu, figs, green vegetables
An initial intervention for a sprain
Elevation to reduce swelling is the most important initial intervention.
shortening of skeletal muscle tissue causing deformity
contractures
occurs after overuse, with pain in the joint on activity with no erythema and little, if any, swelling.
bursitis
It takes this long for contractures to develop
An “adaptive shortening,” or contracture, begins to form within 3 to 7 days after immobilization of a body part, and the process usually is complete in 6 to 8 weeks.
This type of exercise is done to maintain functional connective tissue within the joint and thereby ensure that every joint retains its function and mobility
ROM exercises
Describe the differences in the "grade" of a sprain
Pain, swelling, and bleeding into the joint are true of grade 2.
A grade 3 sprain has Pain, swelling, bleeding into the joint and loss of function.
This type of exercise is good for reconditioning muscles in preparation for getting out of bed. The patient contracts the muscles for 5 count and relaxes for 5 count
Quadricep setting exercises
when the median nerve is compressed to the point that numbness, pain, and tingling occur, the result is __________.
carpal tunnel syndrome
Your postop patient is displaying a change in mental status, respiratory distress, tachypnea, crackles, and wheezes that are heard when auscultating the lungs, rapid pulse, fever, and petechiae. What do you suspect?
Signs and symptoms of fat embolism
Describe intervention(s) that help prevent dislocation s/p hip replacement surgery
Abduction wedge between the legs
Describe proper cane use using the following key points: handgrip - cane tip - elbow angle
The handgrip should be at hip level to allow for proper flexion of the arm to bear weight. The cane tip should be placed 6 inches from the good foot. The elbow angle should be 30 degrees
What is osteomyelitis? What s/s would you see in a patient that would make you suspect it?
Osteomyelitis is a bacterial infection of the bone. --sudden onset with severe pain and marked tenderness at the site, high fever with chills, swelling of adjacent soft parts, headache, and malaise
What is ankylosis? How is it prevented?
permanent fixation of a joint; gradual mobilization, an exercise program, proper position, education for patient and family
The most frequent contractures occurring in patients immobilized for long periods are: 4 answers
“foot drop,” knee and hip flexion contractures, “wrist drop,” and contractures of the fingers and arms.
Describe interventions for a suspected fat embolism
The nurse should stay with the patient; put him in a high Fowler position, use a non-rebreather mask to give high-flow oxygen, and establish a peripheral IV line. The nurse should also summon the provider immediately
Name 4 age-related factors that increases a patient’s risk for falls
decreased strength, unsteady balance, loss of endurance, slow reflexes, gait disturbances, and increased postural sway, and chronic diseases such as arthritis
Describe the purpose of a CPM machine and how it works
(CPM) machine is used to provide movement to a joint in recovery. The apparatus is driven by a motor and requires no effort on the part of the patient or nurse to move the limb. It is usually left on all day and is discontinued at night while the patient sleeps. CPM is preset as to speed and the degree of flexion that is determined by the physician.
Indicate on the board, and educate your patient on how to use crutches on stairs
When climbing stairs with crutches, the patient should first stand at the foot of the stairs with weight on the good leg and crutches, put weight on the crutch handles, and then lift the good leg up onto the first step of the stairs. Weight should be placed on the good leg to lift the injured leg and crutches up to that step.
What discharge education should be provided s/p arthrocentesis?
avoid overuse of the joint; however, it may be moved in moderation. Steroids will be prescribed to limit inflammation. Pain is anticipated and analgesics will likely be prescribed. Elastic bandages are frequently worn for 2 to 3 days
This connective tissue disorder most commonly impacts the big toe but may be noted in other joints
Gouty arthritis
Describe the purpose of the following: ligaments - tendons - cartilage
Ligaments hold the bones of a joint together. Tendons are connective tissues that provide joint movement. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue in which fibers and cells are embedded in a semisolid gel material.
This test is used to detect abnormal nerve transmission to the muscle and abnormal muscle function, and to assess the rehabilitation progress.
Electromyography (EMG)
Four functions of the musculoskeletal system
motion, support, organ protection, and retention of body shape.