Karina's fav questions
Covid-19 is a novel strain belonging to a large group of coronaviruses. Their effective
route of entry into host cells is attributed to "spike" proteins that have a very unique
morphology to them. These proteins on the surface of the virus bind to the host cell's
plasma membrane and admit the virus. This type of cell entry mechanisms is called:
A) active transport.
B) pinocytosis.
C) receptor-mediated endocytosis.
D) facilitated transport (or facilitated diffusion).
E) receptor-mediated exocytosis.
C) receptor-mediated endocytosis.
When placed in a 10% sucrose solution, red blood cells quickly shrivel (shrink and
wrinkle up). When first placed in the solution, the interior of the cells is
____________ to the sucrose solution. After the cells shrivel, if equilibrium is
reached, the cells' interior is __________ to the sucrose solution.
A) isotonic, hypotonic
B) hypertonic, isotonic
C) hypertonic, hypotonic
D) hypotonic, hypertonic
E) hypotonic, isotonic
E) hypotonic, isotonic
In its natural, freshwater environment, Paramecium constantly gains water from its
environment and must use a special organelle called a contractile vacuole to pump
water from its cytoplasm. This gain of water occurs because the surrounding
freshwater is _________ when compared to the cytoplasm of the Paramecium.
A) hypertonic
B) equitonic
C) hypotonic
D) isotonic
E) supersonic
C) hypotonic
Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy?
A) A crawling beetle foraging for food
B) A baseball sailing over the outfield wall after a batter hits a homerun
C) Water rushing over Niagara Falls
D) The energy in a gravitational field
E) Light flashes emitted by a firefly
D) The energy in a gravitational field
13) The final electron acceptor for cellular respiration is:
A) ETC B) Oxygen C) NAD+ D) ADP E) FAD
B) Oxygen
Select the CORRECT match of transport across a plasma membrane and description.
A) Active transport -- moves substances from the hypertonic side to the hypotonic
side of a cell (no energy required)
B) Phagocytosis -- expels undigested food particles out of the cell
C) Osmosis -- movement of any type of substance along its concentration gradient
D) Facilitated diffusion -- movement down concentration gradient through a specific
transport protein (no energy required)
E) Exocytosis -- creates vesicles to transport bulk amounts of liquids into the cell
D) Facilitated diffusion -- movement down concentration gradient through a specific
transport protein (no energy required)
Which statement most accurately describes how the bulk of the carbohydrates you
ate today are functioning in your body right now?
A) They are being converted into a different form of energy and/or being stored for
later use.
B) The are serving as the primary structural component of the plasma membrane.
C) They are syntheisizing cellulose to help reinforce your cell wall structure.
D) They are storing and replicating hereditary information.
E) They are catalyzing a variety of chemical reactions.
A) They are being converted into a different form of energy and/or being stored for
later use.
Pick the metabolic process that is exergonic.
A) going from amino acids to a polypeptide
B) going from a polypeptide to a protein
C) going from a polypeptide to amino acids
D) going from glucose to chitin
E) going from CO2 to glucose
C) going from a polypeptide to amino acids
What distinguishes amphipathic lipids from other lipids?
A) Amphipathic lipids are sterols (steroids).
B) Amphipathic lipids dissolve in water.
C) Amphipathic lipids have saturated and unsaturated regions.
D) Amphipathic lipids have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
E) Amphipathic lipids are denatured due to suboptimal pH conditions.
D) Amphipathic lipids have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
If you discoverd a new organism and noticed that it uses anaerobic respiration but
does NOT produce CO2 as a byproduct, what assumption could you make?
A) This organism is most likely a prokaryote.
B) This organism is most likely generating the majority of its ATP via chemiosmosis.
C) This organism is most likely producing lactic acid.
D) This organism is most likely producing ethanol.
E) This organism is most likely an eukaryote.
C) This organism is most likely producing lactic acid.
A scientist finds a new protein in a rare tropical fruit. Which of the following is the
BEST prediction about the properties of this protein?
A) It will certainly have no more than 20 different types of monomers in its
structure.
B) It will likely have new monomers that have never been found in nature before.
C) It most likely functions as an energy storage molecule.
D) It will be less than or equal to twenty monomers long.
E) It will certainly be coded for by a sequence of DNA that is equal in length to the
protein.
A) It will certainly have no more than 20 different types of monomers in its
structure.
A biologist is studying a cell that has enzymes, linear chromosomes (linear genome), a
plasma membrane, ribosomes, and mitochondria. Given only this information, this cell
COULD BE
A) a bacteria cell but not a plant cell.
B) a bacteria cell or a plant cell.
C) an animal cell but not a plant cell.
D) a plant cell or an animal cell but not a bacteria cell.
E) a plant cell but neither a bacteria cell nor an animal cell.
D) a plant cell or an animal cell but not a bacteria cell.
Covid-19 is a novel strain belonging to a large group of coronaviruses. Their effective
route of entry into host cells is attributed to "spike" proteins that have a very unique
morphology to them. These proteins on the surface of the virus bind to the host cell's
plasma membrane and admit the virus. This type of cell entry mechanisms is called:
A) active transport.
B) pinocytosis.
C) receptor-mediated endocytosis.
D) facilitated transport (or facilitated diffusion).
E) receptor-mediated exocytosis.
C) receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating
and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular
organelle must be involved in this condition?
A) Mitochonria
B) Nucleus
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
E) Lysosomes
E) Lysosomes
Simple diffusion is "driven" by __________, while active transport works because of
the use of __________?
A) osmosis; ATP
B) a concentration gradient; proteins (channel or carrier);
C) ATP; a concentration gradient
D) a concentration gradient; ATP
E) proteins (channel or carrier); a concentration gradient
D) a concentration gradient; ATP
9) Which of the following is true about the citric acid cycle?
A) it requires pyruvate as an input
B) only eukaryotic organisms can perform this process
C) it requires oxygen
D) it does not release/generate any CO2
E) it generates the most ATP among all respiration processes
B) only eukaryotic organisms can perform this process
Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to move by simple diffusion directly through
the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane (without the assistance of proteins and/or ATP)?
A) Glucose (large polar molecule)
B) Na+ (ion)
C) O2 (small, nonpolar molecule)
D) DNA
E) Starch (large insoluble polar molecule)
C) O2 (small, nonpolar molecule)
Why is it that denaturation makes proteins function poorly or not at all?
A) Proteins are broken down partially or completely into their monomers by
denaturation, and the monomers are not as effective for function.
B) Protein function depends on constant naturation provided by the DNA, and
denaturation removes that protection.
C) Denaturation removes critical amino acids that determine protein function.
D) Protein function depends on shape, and denaturation damages protein shape.
E) Denaturation adds nonpolar groups that change the solubility of certain proteins.
D) Protein function depends on shape, and denaturation damages protein shape.
We discussed a phenomenon called the Warburg Effect and its implications for
glucose metabolism. Which of the following statements is false?
A) Aerobic respiration produces much more ATP than anerobic respiration.
B) Oxidative phosphorylation is a much faster process than anaerobic respiration.
C) Some cells, including certain cancer cells, prefer this process.
D) Some cells, even in the presence of oxygen, will still undergo anaerobic
respiration.
E) Anaerobic respiration is a much faster process than oxidative phosphorylation.
B) Oxidative phosphorylation is a much faster process than anaerobic respiration.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about RNA?
A) RNA is exceptionally stable.
B) RNA is involved in protein synthesis.
C) RNA is single-stranded.
D) RNA is found in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm.
E) RNA is made up of four nucleotides.
A) RNA is exceptionally stable.
What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
I. double membrane
II. make sugar from air and light
III. found in animal cells
IV. found in plant cells
V. not part of endomembrane system
A) I, IV, V
B) I, III, IV, V
C) I, II, III, IV, V
D) I, II, IV
E) II, III, IV
A) I, IV, V
Which of the following statements is correct regarding entropy at the molecular level?
A) A clean room has more entropy than a messy room.
B) Entropy increases when a substance is broken down into parts.
C) Entropy of a gaseous state is less than the entropy of a liquid state.
D) Entropy increases as temperature decreases.
E) A sand castle has more entropy than "unassembled" sand lying on the beach.
B) Entropy increases when a substance is broken down into parts.
Which of the following statements is a reasonable explanation of why unsaturated
fatty acids help keep a membrane more fluid?
A) The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid chain, preventing adjacent lipids
from packing tightly.
B) The double bonds block interaction among the hydrophilic heads of the lipids..
C) Unsaturated fatty acids are more nonpolar than saturated fatty acids.
D) Unsaturated fatty acids have a higher cholesterol content, which prevents
adjacent lipids from packing tightly.
E) They dont, saturated fatty acids keep the membrane more fluid because of their
compact structure.
A) The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid chain, preventing adjacent lipids
from packing tightly.
Which of the following statements regarding fats molecules is FALSE?
A) Fat are constructed from a single glycerol molecule and, usually, three fatty acids.
B) Fats have tremendous variation in use (not just energy storage).
C) Fats vary in length, number, and location of double carbon bonds (C=C).
D) Fats are hydrophilic.
E) Fats that are liquid at room temperature are usually healthier choices.
D) Fats are hydrophilic.
Oxidatitive phosphorylation is the final part of cellular respiration. List the follwing
steps of oxidative phosphorylation in sequential order (first to last according to what
is provided).
I. H+ ions flow down a gradient to generate ATP.
II. Electrons are transferred from the CAC into the ETC.
III. Elecrons are transferred to O2, causing it to split and take up H+ ions, which
forms water.
IV. H+ ions are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane to establish an
electrochemical gradient.
A) II, III, I, IV
B) IV, III, II, I
C) II, IV, III, I
D) I, IV, III, II
E) I, II, III, IV
C) II, IV, III, I