Elbow
Where do supracondylar fractures happen?
Proximal to the condyles of the humerus
What is Primary and Secondary impingment from?
P: Mechanical compression of RC tendons as they pass under the coracoacromial ligament (over use)
S: From GH instability that creates reduced subacromial space as humeral head elevates and minimized area under coracoacromial ligament. (from muscle coordination and weakness of scap stabilizers)
Muscles involved with posterior cervical strains?
sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, scalenes, erectors, rhomboids, and levator scapulae
Which muscles are affected in De Quervian's Disease?
Abductor pollicis longus, and extensor pollicis brevis tendons and sheaths
Which fracture is treated with buddy taping?
Phalanx fractures that are stable, closed, and non displaced
What are the symptoms of a Volkmann ischemic contracture?
1. Severe pain in forearm
2. Limited and painful finger movement
3. Purple discoloration of hand
4. Initial paresthesia followed by loss of sensation
5. Loss of radial pulse
6. Pallor
What is stage 2 impingment?
Fibrosis and tendinitis. Age 25-40. Irreversible from repetative stress. Gives pain at night.
Structures that are fibrotic: supraspinatus, biceps tendon, subacromial bursa
Tissues damage from hyperextension whiplash
Tearing of SCM
Tearing of longissimus coli
pharyngeal edema
tearing of ALL
Separation of carilaginous end plate of intervertebral disk
Which ligament is involved in skier's thumb?
Where does pain and swelling appear for a scaphoid fracture? Which portion of the scaphoid is vascularized?
Anatomical snuff box, distal fragemnt
Acute treatment for type 1 intercondylar fracture?
Immobilized for at least 3 weeks
What was Maddy's first car?
And which movements should be avoided after dislocation?
Blazer
Abduction and external rotation
What are the 3 most common causes of cervical radiculopathy ?
cervical disk herniation, spondylosis, and osteophytes.
Which muscle in the wrist should be cautious about flexing in regards to a distal forearm fracture?
Brachioradialis
Which exercises are perscribed once immobilization has been acheived in both Colles and Smith fracture?
6 pack exercises
Acute treatment for types 2 and 3 intercondylar fractures?
ORIF
Which special tests test for labral pathology?
O'Brien, Speeds, Yergason's
What are the symptoms of Cervical Spondylosis and why?
Pain and radicular symptoms because of wear and tear on weight bearing structures of the cervical spine creates spinal cord compression
What are the complications following distal radial fractures?
Loss of reduction of fracture fragments, nonunion, malunion, tendon adhesions, median nerve compression, instability, volkmann's ischemic contracture.
What is a Smiths fracture? How is it similar to Colles?
From a fall on the dorsum of the hand, distal radial fragment is displaced in a palmar direction.
Acute treatment for an elderly person with type 4 intercondyler fracture?
"bag of bones" using a collar and cuff sling
What is a Bankart lesion?
Anterior labral tear from a dislocation
Which structures are being compressed by thoracic inlet syndrome?
Subclavian artery and Brachial plexus
In a nondisplaced metacarpal fracture why is the MP joint placed in 45-60 degrees of flexion?
Prevent collateral ligament shortening.
What is a Colles fracture?
Distal radial fracture that the fragment is displaced in a dorsal direction