The flag of this other country appears in an upper corner of New Zealand's flag
the United Kingdom
At the Council of Clermont in 1095, Pope Urban II called for the first of these
a crusade
Brought by the last 3 manned missions, vehicles called these are still there & ready to go
a (lunar) rover
It used to mean the writing of books; now it's a list
a bibliography
In Europe, this tax is added to everything you buy.
Value Added Tax (VAT)
Afghanistan is up there with U.S. breadbasket states in producing this, & has sheaves of it on its flag.
wheat
A 1958 economic union joined Belgium, Luxembourg & the Netherlands, known as these "countries" due to their elevation
the Low Countries
A gold replica of one of these natural symbols of peace
an olive branch
The science of mapmaking
cartography
In 1789 this Founding Father said “in this world, nothing is certain except death and taxes”
Benjamin Franklin
In a nod to its Irish settlers, Montserrat's flag shows a woman in green holding one of these musical instruments
a (Celtic) harp
From the 13th to the 15th centuries, Lubeck, a port city on this sea, was "The Queen of the Hanseatic League"
the Baltic Sea
What if the Soviets got to the Moon First?" is the premise of Apple TV+' show "For All Mankind", a title from a plaque left by this mission
Apollo 11
The art of producing formal lettering with a brush or a pen
calligraphy
A European country that imposes a tax on cow flatulence in order to reduce methane emissions into the atmosphere.
Denmark
Around since 1817, Chile's flag is known as La Estrella Solitaria, this name familiar from another flag
the Lone Star
After Vaclav Havel resigned as president in 1992, a "Velvet Divorce" split this country in 2
Czechoslovakia
Thanks to Alan Shepard, 2 of these small sports items
golf balls
Emmanuel Lubezki has won 3 Oscars in this category
cinematography
A fixture of English and Welsh houses that was taxed between 1696 and 1851.
windows
Tradition says this country's flag fell from heaven in 1219
Denmark
In 1919 this country gained South Tyrol & Trieste from Austria-Hungary
Italy
A feather & a hammer dropped by an astronaut in 1971, confirming a theory of this man, four centuries before
Galileo
The "T" in CAT scan, it's a method of using electromagnetic waves to produce an image of an internal structure
tomography
A substance that was taxed in Ancient Rome as it was a vital ingredient in getting white togas gleaming in the wash
urine