10
A network of material that is secreted from animal cells and forms a complex meshwork outside of cells. The ECM provides strength, support, and organization.
What is the extracellular matrix (ECM)?
apical refers to the ______(apices) of shoots and roots, as in shoot apical meristems or root apical meristems.
A second meaning for apical is the part of a plant that typically projects_____, which is the top of the shoot.
tip
upward
In most flowering plants two "" fuse to produce offspring that have unique combinations of genes
gametes
substance that is metabolized by or incorporated into an organism
nutrient
movement of materials in or out of cells down a concentration gradient without ATP expenditure
passive transport
"" is a growth response that depends on a stimulus that occurs in a particular direction
tropism
multicellular eukaryotic organisms that primarily live on land and are composed of cells that are surrounded by a cell wall that contain cellulose
plants
in seed plants a special tissue "" thick layers of wood and thinner layers of inner bark
vascular cambium
The two Adhesive and proteins are ____ and ____ while the structural proteins are _____ and_____
A.) Fibronectin and Collagen; Laminin and Elastin
B.) Laminin and Collagen; Fibronectin and Elastin
C.) Fibronectin and Laminin; Collagen and Elastin
D.) Elastin and Laminin; Collagen and Fibronectin
C.) Fibronectin and Laminin; Collagen and Elastin
define: radial symmetry
-Plant embryos normally display a cylindrical shape, also known as an axis, which is retained in the stems and roots of seedlings and mature plants.
-A thin slice or cross section of an embryo, stem, or root is typically circular in shape.
-Most plants produce new leaves or flower parts in circular whorls, or spirals, around shoot tips
four concentric rings formed by petals, stamens, sepals, and carpels
whorls
chemical elements that are required by plants for survival and play many roles in plant metabolism
essential elements
a protein that transports two substances in the same direction across the membrane
symporter
is the process in which a cell receives a chemical or physical signal thereby switching on an intercellular pathway that leads to a cellular response
cell signaling
flask shaped gametangia that each enclose a single egg cell
archegonia
wood first appeared in ancient seedless plants known as
progymnosperms
Anchoring junctions are grouped into FOUR main categories, according to their functional roles and their connections to cellular components.
What are they?
Adherens junctions
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
Focal adhesions
What do RAM and SAM stand for?
Shoot Apical Meristem and Root Apical Meristem
Plants that are are too close genetically to reproduce display "" to keep themselves from inbreeding
No step-plant bro and sis behavior
self-incompatibility
name the soil horizons top down
top soil, subsoil, soil base, bedrock
a plant cell whose cytosol is so full of water that the plasma membrane presses up against the cell wall
turgid
stimulate cell division and cell elongation, stimulate stem elongation and flowering, and promote seed germination
gibberellins, gibberellic acid
nutritive tissues composed of "" aid in the transfer of nutrients from mother to embryo
placental transfer tissues
flexible central region of conifer pits
torus
define connexon
A channel that forms gap junctions in vertebrates, consisting of six connexin proteins in one cell aligned with six connexin proteins in an adjacent cell.
Leaf vein patterns are known as ...
Venation
angiosperm embryos go through development stages known as ...
embryogenesis
"" live within root cells of wild and cultivated legumes
rhizobia
ribbon like strips on the root endodermal wall
casparian strips
master plant hormones that influence plant structure, development, and behavior
auxins
nothing, they are the same thing
most angiosperms possess distinctive water conducting cells known as
vessels
To form tissues and organs, cells undergo six different processes that influence their morphology, arrangement, and number: what are they in order from 1-6?
1.)division
2.)growth
3.)differentiation
4.)migration
5.)apoptosis
6.)formation of connections
Above the RAM lies this zone which cells extend their water uptake thereby dramatically increasing root length
Zone of Elongation
production of individuals from a single parent without fertilization is known as ...
asexual reproduction
plants produce proteins known as "" that foster root nodule development
nodulins
long and narrow in shape "" typically have slanted end walls that fir together to form long tubes
tracheids
a plants ability to measure and respond to the amount of light and day length
photoperiodism
in seed plants the sperm needed for fertilization are supplied by ...
pollen
complex reproductive structures that are specialized for the efficient production of pollen and seeds
flowers