Chapter 12
A social and fraternal order that stirred political interest and support among Black and white Republicans in the South during Reconstruction
Union League
Informal arrangement between the national Democrats and Republicans that settled the disputed presidential election of 1878 by permitting Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become president while allowing Democrats to complete redemption by taking political control of Louisiana, Florida, and South Carolina.
Compromise of 1877
What economic situations did large numbers of African Americans find themselves caught up in across the South in the late nineteenth century?
sharecropping jobs and other forms of debt peonage
Directive that set aside land along the Atlantic Coast reserved for Black people. Each head of the family would receive “40 acres and a mule.”
Field Order No. 15
Derogatory term used during Reconstruction to identify native white southerners who supported Black and white Republicans. They were considered traitors to their people and the Democrats.
Scalawag
How, where, and why did segregation of the races begin?
mandated the separation of races by law, and was the form imposed by slave codes before the Civil War and by Black Codes and Jim Crow laws following the war.
According to Soule, what is the difference between slavery and freedom?
When you have freedom you can't be bought or sold.
White Democrats attacked Black Republicans in July 1876 in the village of Hamburg, South Carolina. Five Black men were murdered as the Democrats began a violent effort to redeem the state.
Hamburg Massacre
Why did relatively small numbers of African Americans begin to leave the South?
They moved. Driven in part by economic concerns, and in part by frustration with the straitened social conditions of the South, in the 1870s African Americans began moving North and West in great numbers.
Does freedom mean that freed people will have economic opportunities equal to those of white people?
No because when they work they're basically getting owned by someone.
According to Roberts, what motivated white men to attack Black men during Reconstruction?
He believes they want to kill all the blacks and he tells the governor that they must want to be beat.
What were the rules of “racial etiquette”?
The rules of racial etiquette required blacks to be agreeable and non-challenging, even when the white person was mistaken about something.
What did Harris find difficult about teaching, and what did she find rewarding?
What she found difficult was paying for the rooms and also paying for herself and what she found rewardful is that every freed slave is getting there education.
Who would benefit most from the passage of the bill?
Black people are those who would most benefits from the passage of the bill
Why were African Americans the victims of such extensive brutality and violence in the South?
African Americans were victims of such extensive brutality and violence in the south because during the nineteenth century the south was a violent place.