Chromosomes
What is a chromosome with the centromere located at the end called?
Acrocentric or Telecentric
What is the definition of aneuploid
results from a particular chromosome being present in extra or fewer chromosomes than the wildtype.
(eg. 45 or 47 chromosomes)
What is an insertion sequence?
Short DNA sequence that acts as transposable elements
What is the function of gyrase?
AKA topoisomerase II
-prevent supercoiling of DNA strands during the unwinding
True or False
More genetic material means a more complex organism.
False
C-value Paradox
What is the maximum crossover rate?
50%
X inactivation in mammals is a mechanism for:
equalizing gene dosage between males and females.
Answer as blank 1,2,3.
1. F+
2. Conjugation
3. F-
Explain what is meant by semi-conservative in regards to DNA replication.
Conserved- passed down through generations/species
One strand (parent) is conserved and the daughter strand is new.
What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?
Nucleotide- Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base
Nucleoside- No phosphate- only sugar and base
What is the name of the place where there is homology between X and Y chromosomes?
Psuedoautosomal regions
If one wanted to know what order bacterial genes were transferred into a receiving cell (via conjugation), what lab technique could they use?
Interrupted mating technique
What does DNA Polymerase need in DNA replication?
A 3' primer and a template strand
(RNA polymerase only needs a template)
What genetic factor can effect the timing of PCR
The concentration of G-C in the DNA. Have 3 hydrogen bonds so they are stronger.
What is the gene order from this given data?
R B H 546
r b h 572
R B h 32
r b H 38
R H B
An alien, typically a tetraploid organism, has a pentasomy of chromosome 6. What is its total chromosome number? n=20
81
4*20+1=
Tetraploid=4n (4 of each chromosome). Pentasomy has a 5th chromosome at one location that should have 4.
If an R plasmid was integrated into a cell, what effect would antibiotics have on this cell?
None- cell would live
R plasmid contains antibiotic resistance genes
DNA polymerase ____ binds to the ___ prime end in rolling circle replication.
III, 3 Prime end
If you have a haploid bacterial cell, what is a way you could make it a partial diploid?
Introduce a plasmid that contains some of its existing genes
Which type of inversion loop includes the centromere?
Pericentric Inversion Loop
How many Barr bodies does an individual with Klinefelter's disease have?
What are the two portions of DNA in a lysogenic cycle?
Prophage- phage portion of DNA incorporated into host DNA
Lysogen- host portion of DNA with phage DNA incorporated
Name the four reagents needed for PCR.
1. Taq polymerase
2. dGTP, dATP, dCTP, dTTP
3. Primers
4. Template DNA
Name the results of an unequal crossover and an example of this mutation.
An insertion to one chromosome and a deletion on the other. Red-Green colorblindness