Tsar Alexander II
Tsar Alexander II, got his nickname "the liberator" from what important action/event? (*Bonus 50 points to name the year this action/event took place*)
The Emancipation of the Serfs, 1861.
Name the Russian engineer inside Sevastopol who helped strengthen the city's defenses, and developed the modern trench system used in WWI. (*Bonus points if you can name the type of defensive battery position he perfected*)
Totleben (was the engineer)
Casemates (the defensive battery position he perfected)
Name the defensive positions outside Sevastopol that the French and British tried and, eventually, took.
The Mamelon (aka "Malakov") , and the Redan
30 March 1856
Peace negotiations were held in this city.
Paris
March 1855.
He was 36 years old.
(*Fun fact, while he immediately became king after his father died, Alexander was not officially crowned until September 1856*)
Name the major Russian naval fort near St. Petersburg.
Kronstadt
How many months did the siege of Sevastopol last?
11 months
Approximately how many soldiers and civilians were killed during the Crimean War?
The Italians from Piedmont-Sardinia wanted to gain their independence from which empire?
The Austrian Empire
Because of his reforms, Tsar Alexander was assassinated in what year?
(*Bonus 50 points if you can name the group*)
(*Bonus another 50 points if you can name the man who carried out the assassination*)
Year: 1881
Group: Narodnaya Volya (or "People's Will")
Man: Nikolai Rysakov
Name the resistance fighter the Allies wanted to join forces with in the Caucasus.
Imam Shamil
When did the allies succeed in taking the Mamelon and Redan, and who was the allied force to finally capture Sevastopol?
8 September 1855, the French stormed the Mamelon first and took Sevastopol.
The Ottoman Empire survived the Crimean War, and would continue to exist until what year?
1922
Name the Alliance that Prussia, Russia, and Austria entered into during the Napoleonic Wars.
The Holy Alliance
True or False: Alexander II shared many of the same personality traits as his father, but very different ideas about Russia's role and place in the world?
False.
Alexander and Nicholas had very different personalities. Nicholas was a born "military man" while Alexander was a more "liberal and educated" personality. However, both men did share the same ideas about Russia's role and place in the world. (ex: they both believed in Pan-Slavism)
1. Russia gave up all its rights and claims to Serbia and the Balkans.
2. The Russians could not control the Danube River or use it to access the Balkans.
3. Russian naval dominance in the Black Sea could be eliminated.
4. Russia could not claim to be the sole protector of Christians living in the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsar could not declare war in order to protect them.
Name the British General who was blamed for the disaster at Balaklava, and was later blamed for not attacking the Russian supply lines at Simferopol?
Lord FitzRoy Raglan
How old was Leo Tolstoy when the Crimean War began and ended? And what famous work was inspired by his time as a soldier in Crimea?
He was 25 when it began, and 28 when it ended.
His book "War and Peace" is inspired by his time in the Crimean War.
Who was the Emperor of Austria during the Crimean War and WWI?
(*This was the same emperor that Tsar Nicholas I helped out during the Hungarian Revolution in 1848*)
Emperor Franz Joseph
Name 5 reforms Alexander II made, or tried to make during his reign.
Answers include:
Judicial reform, modernization of the army and navy/ instilling obligatory military service, emancipation of the Serfs, relaxing media censorship, expanding school and university education, modernizing Russian banks, railways, mines and factories, abolishing corporal punishment, and promoting local government.
This piece of British Legislation allowed the British government to hire mercenaries to fight in the Crimea.
The Enlistment of Foreigners Act of 1854
Italian troops from this region allied with what allied nation to fight in the Crimea?
Italians from Piedmont-Sardinia allied with France
Name 4 lasting impacts the Crimean War had on society.
Answers include:
-Saw the creation of a field officer rank.
-Soldiers were formally trained in warfare and medical care. (Creation of a professional soldier)
-Medical standards such as sanitation, quarantine, and compassion were implemented.
-It industrialized warfare as factories produced large quantities of ammunition and supplies.
-Changed the way the battlefield looked as trenches, casemates, and defensive earthworks became much more dangerous and more heavily used.
-The Treaty of Paris set the stage for WWI as France allied with Russia, the Balkans still fought for independence, Austria and Russia turned on each other, and the German Empire was created.
This was a significant reason why the allies did not want to give Poland its independence after the Crimean War.
They feared that if they gave freedom to Poland, they would also have to give freedom to other minorities struggling for freedom within their own empires.
(ex: Austria would say: "We don't want to give Poles their freedom because then we'll have to give Serbians their freedom, and before you know it, the entire empire will be gone!")