Random
Is there a universal defintion of privacy?
No there is not
What is gene doping?
Artificially enhancing an individual's genetic makeup to make them a better version of themselves.
What might they take a sample of for illegitimate enhancement testing?
Blood, urine
In 2007 what was thought to be the only method to test for gene doping?
Muscle Biopsy
What is the Cat and Rat analogy?
It's the fight against doping. Cat is antidoping system and Rat is doping abusers. The rat is usually ahead
Ex vivo and In vivo are the two gene doping strategies discussed, What are the difference between the strategies?
Ex vivo = cells from patient are treated in a culture with the therapeutic gene and then administered to the patients
In vivo = the therapeutic gene is directly injected into the patient
When can testing for illegitimate enhancements occur?
At any time, no matter your location
What are the two main gene doping detection methods discussed
PCR and NGS
From the video, what is a vector?
A retrovirus which is genetically engineered to enter the cells of the patient to alter the DNA.
What is the difference between gene therapy and gene doping?
Gene therapy is for those who need it (medical reasons) and gene doping is for those who don't need it.
What does DBS sampling stand for
Dried blood spot sampling
list 3 of the likely candidate genes that are looked for when detecting for gene doping
Endorphins, VEGF, IGF-1, HGH, PPAR, myostatin, ACE, ACTN3, EPO, HIF
What is the NGS detection sensitivity?
1296 DNA copies in 1000 ng of genomic DNA from whole blood samples.
What year did WADA add gene doping to the list of banned doping practices?
2003
Which athletes are subjected to illegitimate enhancement testing. (2 answers)
1. All medal winners
2. Athletes drawn at random
What is the ideal DNA solution storage temperatures? mixed or not with nucleic acid carriers?
-20 & -80 degrees Celsius mixed with nucleic acid carriers
What is the name of the WADA director that we quoted?
Richard Pound
What are two possible athletic improvements from gene doping?
Cardiovascular benefits
Neurological benefits
Musculoskeletal benefits
Respiratory system benefits
Quicker healing of bone, cartilage, ligaments, and other soft tissues
What happens when an athlete refuses a test?
(requires two answers for full points)
It is taken as an admission of guilt.
They are no longer allowed to compete.
What is Next generation sequencing (NGS)?
A method to detect gene doping based on the detection of all exon–exon junctions of the potential doping genes EPO, IGF-1, IGF-2, GH-1 and GH-2, but not restricted to these genes. enables sequencing of many DNA strands at the same time.