Heart
What does the heart due
pumps blood through 4 chambers, responsible for moving oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
cap refill
press on finger tips and toes and count how long until the nail bed refills with blood (usually less than 2 seconds
murmur
turbulent blood flow and collision of currents, caused by incompetent valves or openings in the chambers or walls
Bradycardia
slow heart rate
Deviated trachea
trachea is pushed to one side of the neck by abnormal pressure in the chest cavity or neck
Arteries
move oxygenated blood to the body
pulse assessment (landmarks)
temporal (temporal lobe), carotid (neck), apical (chest), brachial (inner elbow), radial (wrist), femoral (upper inner thigh), popliteal (behind the knee), posterior tibial (inner ankle), pedal pulse (top of foot)
hypertension
high blood pressure
Arteriolosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
Venous stasis ulcer
skin ulcers caused by poor blood circulation
Veins
bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Heart Valve Assessment
Aortic- 2nd intercostal on the right
Pulmonic- 2nd intercostal on the left
Erbs point- 3rd intercostal on the left
Tricuspid- in-between 4th and 5th intercostal on the left
Mitral- 5th intercostal on the left
Dysrhythmia
abnormal heart rhythm
bruit
blowing swishing sound caused by disease
DVT
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) -occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, normally develops in the lower leg, thigh or pelvis
Clubbing
sign of long term emphysema, not new.
Edema Assessment Grading Scale
0: no pitting edema, 1+: mild edema 2mm that disappears quickly, 2+: moderate pitting 4mm depression lasts 10-15 second, 3+: moderately severe 6mm depression lasting more than 1 minute, 4+: severe putting 8mm depression that can last more than 2 minutes
Orthostatic hypotension
low blood pressure caused by quick movements
thrill
vibration caused by bruit
Lymphedema
build up of fluid in the soft body tissues when the lymph system is blocked or damaged
Men Vs Women HTN
higher percent of men than women have HTN until 45 years, then the percentages are similar
after 64, women have a higher percentage than men
women taking oral contraceptives are 3 times more likely to have HTN
Heart Tones
S1- mitral and tricuspid
S2- loudest at the base- aortic and pulmonary sound
S3- occurs when ventricles are resistant to filling during early filling phase- immediately after S2. Associated with heart failure
S4- occurs at the end of diastole, at presystolic, when ventricles are resistance to filings. Occurs just before S1
Tachycardia
fast heat rate
JVD
Jugular vein distention (JVD) – associated with right sided failure
What order do you listen to the heart?
Pulmonary, Aortic, Erbs, Tricuspid, Mitral