Whats in a name?
double the helix, double the fun!
Genes in the making
pro-teens!
Building Bonds, peptide bonds
100
a type of nucleic acid that stores all genetic information
DNA
100
What is the monomer of DNA?
Nucleotide
100
Where does DNA replication take place inside the cell?
Nucleus
100
What does our DNA code for?
proteins
100
__________ is the production of proteins
protein synthesis
200
This scientist discovered a "factor" using pneumonia causing bacteria. this factor transformed harmless bacteria into pneumonia causing bacteria.
Fredrick Griffith
200
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
200
During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S phase
200
What is the monomer of a protein?
amino acid
200
what are the two parts to protein synthesis?
transcription and translation
300
How did Avery improve Fredricks experiment to determine which macromolecule was the "factor" Fredricks was talking about?
Avery used enzymes that targeted each macromolecule. the mice died except the enzyme that destroyed DNA, this was the first proof that DNA is the genetic material.
300
How do we label the directionality of the DNA strands?
5 prime to 3 prime
300
What does it mean to be semiconservative?
Use half of the original DNA strand, and use the base pairing rules to build the new half of the DNA strand.
300
List 3 functions of proteins.
Some proteins function to control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. Others form important cellular structures, while still others transport substances into or out of cells or help to fight diseases.
300
Which enzyme carries out transcription?
RNA Polymerase
400
Who published a paper in 1953, and what did they propose in regards to DNA?
Watson and Crick; correctly described the structure of DNA and correctly explained DNA Replication.
400
Which of the 4 nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines?
Cytosine and Thymine
400
Why is it important that we replicate DNA?
This provides the full genetic information for the new cells after meiosis and mitosis.
400
What are the 3 differences between DNA and RNA?
single helix, ribose sugar, uracil
400
What are the nonsense sections that are "edited" out of the mRNA sequence after transcription?
introns
500
Who discovered equal parts of adenine and thymine with smaller amounts of guanine and cytosine.
Erwin Chargaff
500
How is the double helix structured?
sides of the DNA are made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone held together by covalent bonds, and the inside is made up of nitrogenous bases held together with hydrogen bonds.
500
Describe the process of DNA replication. Be sure to include all major enzymes and their roles in the process.
DNA replication starts at the origin of replication, primase marks the beginning of the gene and helicase unzips the DNA strand creating a replication fork. DNA polymerase then uses the base pairing rules to code 5 prime to 3 prime building the new half of DNA. Ligase then seals the final bonds and connects the okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
500
What are the 3 RNA's and their functions?
mRNA: carries genetic information from nucleus to cytosol
rRNA: part of the ribosome
tRNA: transports amino acids to the ribosome
500
decode the following sequence
CAA-CCG-UAG
Glutamine -proline - stop