People
poets of the Golden Age of Latin Literature.
Who were Virgil, Horace, and Ovid?
Etruscan settlement north of Latium.
What is Etruria?
military units of 100 men each.
What were centuries?
code of law combining the principles of single sovereignty, universality, and equity.
What was the Justinian Code?
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius.
Who are the five good emperors?
two brothers who, as tribunes, championed the poor and died for their cause.
Who were Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus?
common market or meeting place for the Latins; civic and legal center of the growing city of Rome.
What was the Forum?
an august body of 100 patrician elders who advised the king
What was the Senate?
the common, everyday Latin that most Romans spoke.
What was the vernacular or vulgar?
created two equal emperors (Augusti); became Augustus of the East, with a capital at Nicomedia;
Who was Diocletian?
appointed Augustus of the West by Diocletian, with a capital at Milan.
Who was Maximian?
location of battle in which the Visigoths killed the emperor Valens and cut the Roman army to pieces.
What is Adrianople?
replaced the Assembly and represented the 193 centuries, to which each Roman, patrician or plebeian, belonged as a citizen-soldier
What was the Assembly of Centuries?
book written by Marcus Aurelius, a Stoic philosopher.
What were the Meditations?
leader of the Roman army who went to North Africa and defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama?
Who was Scipio?
the lower class "outsiders" to Roman political and cultural life.
Who were plebeians?
boot-shaped peninsula extending from Europe about 600 miles southeastward into the Mediterranean Sea.
What is Italy?
two equal chief executives who shared authority in the Roman Republic.
What were consuls?
council of Christian leaders summoned by Constantine in A.D. 325 to create institutional unity in the church.
What was the Council of Nicaea?
the emperor who made Christianity a legal religion throughout the Roman Empire.
Who was Constantine I?
famed Carthaginian general who led an army of men and elephants over the Alps into Italy.
Who was Hannibal?
tiny river forming the border between Gaul and Italy, which the Senate forbade Caesar to cross.
What was the Rubicon River?
absolute ruler who could be appointed to rule Rome for six months in case of an emergency.
What was the dictator?
classical, literary Latin; the language of churches, schools, and monasteries after the fall of Rome.
What was medieval Latin?
Roman general; third member of the Second Triumvirate.
Who was Lepidus?