States and Phases of Matter
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas
What does the Octect Rule state?
Atoms will have 8 electrons in their outershell.
The group numbers in a periodic table show the number of...
valence electrons for the elements within the group
What is the part of an atom that moves around the nucleus in orbitals and are they negatively or positively charged?
Negatively charged electrons
What are the 4 variables that determine the behavior of a gas
Pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of molecules.
What phase change is Gas to Solid?
Deposition; removes energy
What does the chocolate chip cookie model by JJ Thompson represent?
It represents atoms made of smaller components and that atoms were not indivisible
the number of electron energy shells
What are the two things that compose the nucleus?
Protons and Neutrons
What is pressure?
A continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by gas in contact with it.
What is the molecular organization of liquid?
Liquid particles are close together in a disorganized way and they move fluidly.
The boiling point of 8oz of water is 212°F. What property is this representing and why?
Intensive property because the boiling point does not depend on the amount of water.
What type of relationship do Iozination energy and atomic radius have?
Inverse; the farther the valence electrons are from the nucleus, the less energy it takes to remove the electron from the atom.
What are the electrons in the outermost shell called?
Valence electrons
Pressure and volume have a _______ relationship
Inverse
What matter has the highest energy state and why?
Gas because gas is hot and it is held together by weak attractive forces.
What is the density of a soap that has a volume of 30cm2 and a mass of 55g?
The density is 1.83g/cm3
Why does element Sr has less ionization energy than CI?
Sr has more electron energy shells and a greater atomic radius.
What do valence electrons determine?
They determine the reactivity of an atom/element.
If gas particles are added to an object with steady volume, what happens to the pressure?
The pressure increases
What are the interactive forces of the different types of matter?
Solid: strong attractive forces
Liquid: weaker attractive forces
Gas: Very weak attractive forces
What are the two factors that affect the diffusion of partial pressure systems?
The magnitude of pressure gradient and thickness of the membrane
Ionization energy order from least to greatest: FLuroine, Beryllium, Calcium, Bromine
Calcium, Berylium, Bromine, Fluorine
Why are negatively charged electrons attracted to the nucleus?
The nucleus is positively charged and opposite charges attract each other.
A container has water vapor at a temperature of 120°C. The beginning pressure is 400 mmHg and the volume is 390 mL. The temperature drastically decreases to 30°C and the volume is now 70 mL. What is the pressure now?
The pressure is 557.1 mmHg. Equation: P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2