The Renaissance
Who was the ruling monarch of England when the Renaissance spread there
Elizabeth I
Martin Luther believed that salvation could be achieved through what
Faith alone
By the end of King Phillip II's reign, Spain had
Become the most populous empire in the world
Vasco de Gama's discovery of a sea route to India proved to be what
Very profitable, since de Gama returned with a valuable cargo of spices
Name three reasons that Italy became the birthplace of the Renaissance
1. City-States with strong trade
2. Wealthy merchant class
3. They were close to ancient Greece and Rome
Around what time is the moveable type printing press invented in England
1440
Martin Luther published his 95 theses to attack the Catholic Church for what practice
Abuses in the sale of indulgences
James I of England believed in the divine right of kings. What is the divine right of kings?
The belief that kings received their power from God and were responsible only to God
The conquistadors main advantage over the Aztec and Inca empires was
Types of weaponry
Anabaptists were viewed as dangerous radicals because they believed that
The state should no have a role in church affairs
What was the first full-sized book to be printed with moveable type
Guttenberg Bible
Why was the English Reformation different from the Reformation in the rest of Europe
The English Reformation was rooted in politics rather than religion
The foundation for a Constitutional Monarchy in England began with what
The Glorious Revolution
The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, did what
Established a line between territories controlled by Spain and those controlled by Portugal
Lutherans and Calvinists did not agree on the idea of
Predestination
When Italian artists flee to the north after an invasion from Charles VIII what are two main places they end up
Germany and Flanders
The Catholic Reformation revitalized the Catholic Church by doing what?
Rooting out corruption within the papacy
Oliver Cromwell's defeat of the king of England's forces allowed him to do what?
Take control of England and establish a military dictatorship
Social Class in Latin America in the 1500's was based on what
Status
What did Peter the Great see as crucial to making Russia a great power
Using western technology to modernize Russia
Name three legacies of the Renaissance
1. Writers began to use the vernacular
2. Artists begin to create works that are secular as well as religious
3. People begin to question political structures and religious practices
The final decrees of the Council of Trent did what?
Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestant beliefs
In the Thirty Years War, France fought against both the Holy Roman Empire and Spain in order to do what
Gain political leadership in Europe
Describe the impact of Spanish settlers on the size of the indigenous population of the Americas
It drastically lowered it
Name three qualities a Renaissance man was expected to possess
1. Charming
2. Able to dance or sing and play music
3. Skilled in combat